快速公交（BRT）在合肥市的应用

快速公交系统是一种快速运输的简易形式,它是集先进的公交技术、公交运营新观念和管理技术于一体的系统,这个系统可以提供先进的运输服务,相当于快速轻轨运输系统。对合肥市进行实例研究,论证合肥市发展快速公交的优势,结合合肥市经济、社会背景,提出合肥市快速公交规划方案,旨在为政府在实施过程中提供参考。     

常州市快速公交一号线规划设计特点

对常州市快速公交一号线工程设计和运营组织相关经验进行总结,为国内其他城市提供参考。首先介绍了快速公交一号线的建设背景和系统组成。从3个方面总结了发展经验：充分考虑快速公交线路走向与城市空间布局的关系,提出主线为南北主轴线走向与3条支线引入市中心的快速公交组合线路模式;构建了“主线＋支线”的组合线路网络布局,提高快速公交服务品质及专用车道利用效率;依据客流需求和道路条件采用中央侧式车站和右开门车辆等。最后,探讨了其实施效果。     

快速公交专用车道及站台布设模式选择

专用车道和站台是快速公交系统（BRT）重要的设施要素,对其布设模式进行了研究。从3种典型的布设模式入手,即中央专用车道＋岛式站台、中央专用车道＋侧式站台、路侧专用车道＋侧式站台,分析其规划设计要点、模式优缺点、适用性等。总结快速公交系统规划过程中影响专用车道及站台布设模式选择的因素,包括BRT在城市中的功能定位、道路条件、交通量等方面。以南宁市快速公交线网规划中专用车道及站台的规划设计为例,对其布设模式选择、专用车道及站台的布设进行分析。     

兼顾冷却、降噪要求的后置客车冷却系统研究

为保证发动机冷却效果良好,且具有低噪声特性,围绕冷却系几个关键部位进行了降噪试验研究。进行了风扇的选型设计,对进风格栅、进风通道、后舱门进行了吸声降噪设计。采取措施后,客车的车外加速噪声下降了2～3dB(A),表明,兼顾冷却、降噪要求的该后置客车冷却系统设计可行。     

大客车车身骨架结构强度分析及其改进设计

在Un igraph ics软件中建立车身骨架的线框模型后,用自行编制的接口程序生成命令流文件将模型导入到ANSYS环境中,建立了车身骨架有限元模型。用有限元理论分析了静态工况下客车车身骨架的强度特性,探讨了承载式车身骨架不同部位的受力特性。提出了通过对骨架结构进行局部改进来提高整体结构强度的方法,提出了对原结构进行改进设计的方案,并对改进前后的客车进行了强度试验,验证了改进后结构的合理性和可靠性。     

基于RMA方法的汽车车身CAN总线优化设计

针对汽车车身控制信息的高实时性和车身CAN系统扩充的高灵活性等特殊要求,介绍用于实时系统分析的速率单调分析(RMA)方法,在原总线利用率、信息最坏响应时间等实时性指标基础上引入总线扩展灵活性因子进行车身CAN总线方案的寻优设计,并以典型汽车车身控制系统为例,对单信号方案和信号组合方案进行实时性和扩展灵活性对比分析,在线试验结果验证了理论分析数据的正确性。     

交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究

开发ITS背景下的公共汽车交通优先控制方法是从根本上改善公交车辆运行情况的需要。满足车辆固有的行驶时刻表是实施公交优先通行申请的重要依据,在本文控制策略中运用绿灯时间延长和相位提前激活两种方法,在兼顾其它车辆运行情况的前提下,给予晚点公交车优先的通行信号。论文最后以厦门市湖滨南路实际交通流量为依托,运用交通仿真方法验证了优先控制策略的实际效果。     

On incentives and optimal effort to improve bus transit performance

ABSTRACT

This paper studies incentive-based subsidy to transit systems to improve performance. It derives a formula for optimal effort that equalizes marginal cost and marginal benefit and derives some principles from it among which is that the larger the value of a transit system’s performance criterion the larger the effort it will exert to improve it. Next, using a constrained cost minimization approach it derives a nonlinear cost function that includes optimal effort and estimates it using an unbalanced panel data of single mode U.S. bus transit systems. The results show that optimal effort is the equivalent of seven full-time employees (15,243 labor hours) per year and in real terms it results in 0.6% cost saving (US$198,331) and US$836,796 in incentive subsidy per observation. The implications of these findings are examined.     

Optimization of bus stop placement for routes on uneven topography

The improvement and expansion of public transport is an increasingly important solution to the high congestion costs and worsening environmental impacts of the car dominated transport systems seen in many cities today. The intelligent design of stop locations is one way to improve the quality of PT and thereby improve its ridership. Stop placement is a relatively complex task as it involves a trade-off between two competing goals; accessibility and operation; however this trade-off can be made explicit using an appropriate mathematical model. Many such models have been developed in the literature, however none consider the effects of uneven topography. Topography is an important but often neglected factor in the design of public transportation systems, with the potential to have a significant impact on the accessibility, operation and planning of a transit service. In this work a mathematical modelling approach to bus stop placement is developed which includes considerations of uneven topography in three ways; (1) Its effect on walking speed; (2) Its impact on the attractiveness of an access path to a transit service; and (3) Its effect on acceleration rates at stops. Because of the complexity of the model developed, a heuristic evolutionary algorithm’ is employed to approximate an optimal solution to the model. Finally, the model and solution method are applied to a case study in the Auckland CBD area in New Zealand.     

铁路信号系统中以太网转CAN网关设计

设计一种适用于铁路信号系统的以太网转CAN网关设备,将PowerPC405EP作为主控处理器芯片,采用Linux操作系统,利用其自带的协议栈实现以太网通信功能,外扩SJA1000实现CAN总线数据收发功能。为了便于工程施工和现场快速配置,相关通信配置文件及应用程序均存储在外扩的CF卡中。另外,系统还配备了专用的监测以太网接口通道,设备开通运营后可将其工作状态和上下行的通信原始数据上传至监测计算机用于故障分析。