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A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)4, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones. 相似文献
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按简单条分法和简化毕肖普法,通过算例阐述了SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的计算原理和应用,指出SLOPE/W软件虽然在输入时没有区别总应力参数和有效应力参数,但结合输入时是否定义孔隙水压力,用户可以从计算方法的原理上来区别软件是按总应力法还是按有效应力法计算. 相似文献
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本文通过对C/S和B/S模式物资管理系统在使用中优缺点的分析,提出了采用以C/S模式为主,B/S模式为辅的混合模式对当前单一的C/S模式物资管理系统进行改造的设想。在这种混合模式下,物资管理部门内部采用C/S模式,便于实现复杂的管理功能及可靠的安全机制:对于非物资管理部门的用户,采用B/S模式,便于统一管理与维护。最后,本文还对系统改造的开发环境和技术做了探讨。 相似文献
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对目前多指标综合技术进行总结,运用模糊数学的理论中模糊积分合成技术方法,揭示多指标之间内在本质的联系.并从能源消耗、空气污染、交通事故和土地利用四个方面对都市圈快速轨道交通系统进行评价,可以达到简单、实用与客观的目的。 相似文献
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服务产品的生产和消费是在供需双方的互动过程中完成的,所以,物流企业的资源整舍不能没有客户的直接参与。物流系统中的客户资源整合,其实质就是通过对客户资源的有效整合,最终使物流系统中的运作资源得以充分的利用。 相似文献