高速铁路安全技术综述

安全是交通领域永恒的主题,针对当前中国高速铁路发展的大好机遇,本文对高速铁路的安全技术进行了分析和总结,阐述了高速铁路系统运行的特点以及安全监控技术的现状和特点,并试探性地提出了高速铁路安全技术亟待解决的关键问题.     

直线电机轮轨交通系统牵引坡度及启/制动距离计算研究

直线电机轮轨交通是一种采用直线感应电机LIM牵引的新型城市轨道交通形式.在分析直线电机轮轨系统列车牵引和制动特性的基础上,从列车受力分析的角度,建立直线电机线路参数分析的模型;利用该模型,计算得到直线电机轮轨线路的安全牵引坡度及启/制动距离.     

城乡一体化的公交服务体系规划理论与实践研究

随着我国经济的不断发展,公共交通发挥着越来越重要的作用。城市化进程的加快和道路基础设施的改善为城乡一体化的公共交通体系提供了广阔的发展前景。研究了城乡一体化的公共交通服务体系规划的理论框架,并以汕头市为应用实例,提出了规划的可行性和实践性。     

中国比较优势与对外直接投资研究

在国际经济一体化、生产国际化、贸易全球化的发展趋势下,对外直接投资已成为世界各国通过比较优势实现规模经济效益的有效途径。分析我国进行对外直接投资的现状和动因,对比较优势贸易进行经济分析,揭示了比较优势下各国贸易行为产生的社会福利效应,结合我国比较优势的产生和领域提出了基于比较优势发展我国对外直接投资的对策建议,使我国企业能够更好地利用国内外资源开拓国内外两个市场,实现国内经济与国际经济接轨。     

城市圈交通一体化研究

世界城市圈大多是经济文化较发达的地区,城市圈的发展状况与圈内交通问题密切相关。从城市圈和区域交通一体的概念入手,深入分析区域经济一体化与区域交通一体化的关系,在此基础上,结合我国城市圈交通一体化发展现状及存在的主要问题进行探讨,提出适应我国城市圈交通一体化发展的对策。     

轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型

基于伽辽金变分原理,利用有限元方法,建立了轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型,分析了轮轨摩擦热与钢轨接触区热膨胀位移、摩擦温度、应变和应力的关系。模型中温度场和位移场由耦合方程同时求解,但没有考虑惯性项和材料阻尼的影响。分析结果表明:耦合求解的温度场和位移场与非耦合求解的温度场和位移场的计算结果一致,钢轨表面各点滑动位移的方向与车轮滑动方向一致,垂向位移方向先负后正;钢轨表面各节点进入接触区后,温度快速上升,但高温持续时间短;在滑动方向上,钢轨接触点先受压应变后受拉应变作用,垂向受拉应变作用,滑动方向压应力明显高于垂向压应力,钢轨接触斑前后节点滑动方向应变符号相反;垂向高正应变区主要集中分布在接触斑后半轴上,最大剪应变与剪应力区在接触表层以下。     

基于键图理论对安装EPS系统的车辆操纵稳定性的仿真分析

应用键图理论建立电动助力转向系统(EPS)的模型,将电动助力转向系统的键图模型和matlab的simulink仿真方框图相连接,并利用simulink的可视化功能实现汽车操纵稳定性的可视化仿真,仿真结果表明,将simulink仿真工具箱与键图模型相结合,可使汽车性能分析研究更为直观和简洁.     

我国200 km/h速度等级机车转向架主要技术特征的探讨

着重就我国200km/h速度等级机车转向架的速度、轴重、轴式、牵引电动机轮对驱动制动系统等主要技术特征进行了探讨,提出了一些必须系统全面研究考虑的新技术、新结构.最后指出在我国形成和建立电动机轮对驱动制动系统集成技术的重要性.     

Quasi-dynamic estimation of o–d flows from traffic counts: Formulation,statistical validation and performance analysis on real data

The paper proposes a “quasi-dynamic” framework for estimation of origin–destination (o–d) flow from traffic counts, under the assumption that o–d shares are constant across a reference period, whilst total flows leaving each origin vary for each sub-period within the reference period. The advantage of this approach over conventional within-day dynamic estimators is that of reducing drastically the number of unknowns given the same set of observed time-varying traffic counts. Obviously, the gain in accuracy depends on how realistic is the underlying assumption that total demand levels vary more rapidly over time than o–d shares. Firstly, the paper proposes a theoretical specification of the quasi-dynamic estimator. Subsequently, it proposes empirical and statistical tests to check the quasi-dynamic assumption and then compares the performances of the quasi-dynamic estimator of o–d flows with both classical off-line simultaneous dynamic estimators and on-line recursive Kalman filter-based estimators. Experiments are carried out on the real test site of A4–A23 motorways in North-Eastern Italy. Results confirm the acceptability of the assumption of quasi-dynamic o–d flows, even under the hypothesis of constant distribution shares for the whole day and show that the quasi-dynamic estimator outperforms significantly the simultaneous estimator. Data also suggest that using the quasi-dynamic estimates instead of the simultaneous estimates as historical o–d flows improves significantly the performances of the Kalman filter, which strongly depends of the quality of the seed o–d flows. In addition, it is shown that the aggregation of quasi-dynamic o–d estimates across subsequent time slices represents also the most effective way to obtain o–d estimates for larger time horizons (e.g. hourly estimates). Finally, a validation based on an hold-out sample of link flows (i.e. counts not used as inputs in the o–d estimation/updating process) revealed the quasi-dynamic estimator to be overall more robust and effective with respect to the other tested estimators.     

Critical success factors of supply chain integration in container shipping: an application of resource-based view theory

ABSTRACT

The container shipping industry is receiving growing attention in driving the performance of global supply chains. This phenomenon has accelerated supply chain integration (SCI) within the industry. Although SCI could offer numerous benefits, it is often quoted to be implemented easier in theory than in practice. The high failure rate that is associated with SCI is often not addressed in the literature. Grounded on resource-based view (RBV) theory, this paper is aimed at identifying the critical success factors (CSFs) and examining their influence on SCI and supply chain performance (SCP). Survey questionnaires were administered on 164 container shipping firms. The constructs were validated empirically using confirmatory factor analysis and were subsequently analysed using structural equation modelling. The proposed CSFs in this study are found to be positively corelated with SCI, which, in turn, is positively correlated with SCP. This paper has contributed to both theory and practice by applying RBV theory to identify the key resources and capabilities that are necessary for SCI in the container shipping industry.