融合CFD与PI控制的船舶柴油机SCR脱硝系统设计与分析

选择性催化还原技术对氮氧化物脱除具有显著效果,是当前最广泛使用的脱硝处理技术。本文从介观角度出发,采用CFD方法建立了船用SCR脱硝系统的物理模型,分析了SCR脱硝系统的反应机理,并通过用户自定义函数将PI控制算法融合进介观系统模型中,摒弃传统控制模型中的均匀分布假设,实现了介观尺度上的非均匀喷氨控制。仿真测试结果表明：船用SCR脱硝系统的气体分布呈现严重非均匀性;融合介观尺度上PI控制算法后,不仅可改善系统的非均匀性,还可提高系统的整体脱硝率、降低系统的氨逃逸量。本研究为宏观控制与介观机理建模的融合提供了新的研究思路。     

大型半潜船压载水处理系统解决方案

随着压载水管理公约的生效,大型半潜船压载水处理的需求日渐紧迫。文章介绍了大型半潜船压载水系统的特点以及大型半潜船压载水处理面临的困难与解决方法,通过对大型半潜船压载水处理系统的典型案例比较,分析并得出循环法和重力法是解决大型半潜船压载水处理问题合理可行方案的结论,为大型半潜船压载水处理系统解决方案提供借鉴。     

灰色理论预测隧道涌水与实例分析

影响隧道涌水的因素具有灰色特征.介绍采用灰色理论对新寨隧道的涌水进行验证.首先,采用一次累加生成的方法对数据进行预处理;其次,建立GM(1,1)预测模型,并对模型进行后验差的检验;最后,研究了不同涌水监测样本量对预测结果的影响.结果表明:预测值和实际值总体上一致;监测样本量越大,预测精度越高.     

Analysis of the transient atomization characteristics of diesel spray using time-resolved PDPA data

The transient atomization characteristics of a single-hole diesel spray were investigated to clarify the time-dependent droplet formation process of the spray through time-resolved analysis of the droplet size data acquired by using a 2-D PDPA (phase Doppler particle analyzer). Comparisons among the three single-hole diesel nozzles on the atomization characteristics were made to confirm the effects of the hole-diameter. The hole diameter of the single-hole diesel nozzles varied with d_n=0.22, 0.32 and 0.42 mm. The time-resolved diameter, SMD (Sauter mean diameter) and AMD (arithmetic mean diameter) of droplets in diesel spray injected into still ambient air were measured. The SMD and AMD decreased with decreasing nozzle hole diameter. The SMD distribution along the spray centerline steeply decreased with increasing axial distance before reaching a constant value. In the time-dependent analysis of the SMD of the whole flow field, the SMD gradually increased with time after the initiation of injection, reached a maximum value, and then decreased.     

Investigation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of diesel engine EGR coolers

An important goal in diesel engine research is the development of a means to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The use of a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is one of the most effective techniques currently available for reducing nitrogen oxides. Since PM (Particulate Matter) fouling reduces the efficiency of an EGR cooler, a tradeoff exists between the amount of NOx and PM emissions, especially at high engine loads. In the present study, we performed engine dynamometer experiments and numerical analyses to investigate how the internal shape of an EGR cooler affects the heat exchanger efficiency. Heat exchanger efficiencies were examined for plain and spiral EGR coolers. The temperature and pressure distributions inside these EGR coolers were obtained in three dimensions using the numerical package program FLUENT.     

Experimental investigation and comparison of nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles for two different fuels

In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions in automotive engines have become the subject with controversial discussions. Recent results from studies of health effects imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlate with the variety of health effects attributed to engine exhaust. The concern is now focusing on nano-sized particles emitted from I. C. engines. In this study, particulate mass and particle number concentration emitted from light-duty vehicles were investigated for a better understanding of the characteristics of the engine PM from different types of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Engine nano-particle mass and size distributions of four test vehicles were measured by a condensation particle counter system, which is recommended by the particle measurement program in Europe (PMP), at the end of a dilution tunnel along a NEDC test mode on a chassis dynamometer. We found that particle number concentrations of diesel passenger vehicles with DPF system are lower than gasoline passenger vehicles, but PM mass has some similar values. However, in diesel vehicles with DPF system, PM mass and particle number concentrations were greatly influenced by PM regeneration. Particle emissions in light-duty vehicles emitted about 90% at the ECE15 cycle in NEDC test mode, regardless of vehicle fuel type. Particle emissions at the early cold condition of engine were highly emitted in the test mode.     

基于Gram-Schmidt正交化法的串行干扰消除算法

基于Gram-Schmidt正交化法,提出了一种改进的串行干扰消除算法.不同于传统的串行干扰消除算法,该算法运用Gram-Schmidt正交化法,通过扩频序列获取正交序列作为最优解扩码,使得检测器每一级最强用户的解扩码与其他用户的扩频码所张的子空间正交,从而实现对多址干扰的完全抑制.给出了具有幅度失配的系统误码率近似公式,讨论了幅度失配对检测性能的影响.仿真结果表明,改进算法能有效抑制CDMA系统中的多址干扰,改善系统性能.     

A novel arterial travel time distribution estimation model and its application to energy/emissions estimation

Arterial travel time information is crucial to advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. An effective way to represent this information is the estimation of travel time distribution. In this paper, we develop a modified Gaussian mixture model in order to estimate link travel time distributions along arterial with signalized intersections. The proposed model is applicable to traffic data from either fixed-location sensors or mobile sensors. The model performance is validated using real-world traffic data (more than 1,400 vehicles) collected by the wireless magnetic sensors and digital image recognition in the field. The proposed model shows high potential (i.e., the correction rate are above 0.9) to satisfactorily estimate travel time statistics and classify vehicle stop versus non-stop movements. In addition, the resultant movement classification application can significantly improve the estimation of traffic-related energy and emissions along arterial.     

1.22 m微型土压平衡盾构液压系统设计与研究

为提高市政管道施工技术,满足不断增长的管道建设要求,设计并制造1.22 m微型土压平衡盾构。对液压系统的控制要求、功能特性与工作原理进行研究,并进行详细计算,分析微型盾构引出的液压系统技术问题及解决方案。通过AMESim软件对刀盘驱动系统与推进系统进行仿真分析,结果表明： 1）当载荷发生变化时,刀盘转速基本维持恒定,变化率为4.8%;刀盘驱动系统具有良好的鲁棒性。2）针对均布定载荷与均布变载荷,可实时控制推进速度,响应快且仅有较小超调量,超调量最大为12%;推进系统具有良好的速度控制性能。仿真试验效果良好,具有一定的实践指导意义。     

地铁暗挖车站STS管幕结构施工技术研究

在复杂地质及多风险源地段修建地铁车站,传统的暗挖工法不能满足施工需要,STS（steel tube slab）管幕工法作为一种修建超浅埋地铁暗挖车站的新型施工方法被提出。以STS管幕结构修建沈阳地铁某车站为依托,结合现场施工,通过现场试验和监测对顶管过程中的注浆减阻、管间掏土、螺栓连接、混凝土灌注和地表沉降等进行研究,解决了钢管顶进准确定位的难题和大直径带翼缘板钢管减阻问题,得到清理管间土和混凝土灌注的施工方法,并确保了STS管幕工法修建地铁暗挖车站管幕结构的成功实施。