Benefit segmentation of the container shipping market in Turkey

ABSTRACT

Marketing policies have gained more importance in container shipping as the industry experiences challenges arising from commoditization. Market segmentation is fundamental to marketing policies, yet it needs a detailed analysis in container shipping. Accordingly, this paper aims to explore homogenous customer groups in container shipping by conducting a segmentation analysis, which can help container lines apply more efficient marketing policies. A survey study is conducted on 356 shippers in Turkey. The study develops five reliable and valid selection criteria factors and applies cluster analysis based on the selection criteria factors. The cluster analysis produces a total of six benefit segments which are differentiable. The segments are significantly identified by the demographic characteristics of shippers. The paper suggests several implications for the marketing policies of container lines.     

城市轨道交通客流与精细尺度建成环境的空间特征分析

既有研究对城市轨道交通客流与土地利用依赖关系的分析较为充分，然而针对建成环境 特征对客流影响的研究仍不够细致。本文采用开发强度、混合用地、慢行交通环境、公共交通可 达性和可获得性等变量刻画城市轨道交通TOD(Transit-Oriented Development, TOD)建成环境的 5D特征，基于多源地理大数据提出其计算方法，并利用多尺度地理加权回归研究TOD建成环境 对早高峰出站客流影响的空间特征。针对北京的案例研究表明：TOD建成环境特征的空间分布 具有显著空间异质性，多尺度地理加权回归能够刻画客流与上述特征变量依赖关系的空间异质 性及其影响尺度，其估计结果更为可靠。TOD建成环境对早高峰出站客流的影响效果呈现显著 的区域差异特征。两者关系的空间非平稳性表明：不同区域车站的TOD开发应采取差异化发展 政策。郊区车站更适合强调规模和强度的发展策略，而中心城区车站则较难通过进一步提高规 模和强度以改善客流效果，而应更强调发展的质量。     

TP2紫铜管弯制开裂原因分析

TP2紫铜管在进行弯制时开裂,为找到原因,用退火试验模拟生产中的退火工艺。试验数据表明,铜管经多道次拉拔产生加工硬化,其外表面金相组织和内部金相组织不均匀,导致在进行弯制时铜管产生开裂。通过对比试验,找到铜管弯制的最佳退火温度区间为550～580℃,为铜管弯制退火工艺提供指导。     

智能网联环境下复杂异质交通流稳定性解析

针对网联车辆与普通车辆构成的异质交通流，考虑网联车辆车对车(V2V)、车对基础设施(V2I)不同通信技术，研究复杂异质交通流稳定性.基于李雅普诺夫理论，分析对比不同通信技术下网联车辆与普通车辆构成的异质交通流稳定性；基于V2V、V2V/V2I的网联车辆和普通车辆以不同比例混合时，进行异质交通流稳定性判别及稳定域解析.通过数值仿真，验证理论解析的正确性.研究结果表明，基于V2V/V2I的网联车辆比基于V2V的网联车辆混入对异质交通流稳定性改善效果更显著.基于V2V、V2V/V2I的网联车辆同时汇入普通车辆交通流的情况下，当基于V2V的网联车辆比例较低时，不会明显提高异质交通流稳定性；而基于 V2V/V2I的网联车辆即使在低比例时，也会显著改善交通流稳定性；且基于V2V网联车辆比例较低时，平衡态临界速度值随着基于V2V/V2I网联车辆的比例增加近似呈线性减小.     

基于二乘二取二架构的安全扩展平台研究

为节约时间和资金成本,在不改变既有CTCS-2/3级列控系统的前提下,进一步修改完善扩展其系统功能,提出采用二乘二取二架构安全扩展平台.平台内部双CPU之间采用时钟同步机制进行实时自检、互检,大大提高了安全扩展平台的安全性、可靠性和可用性.     

A network level connectivity robustness measure for connected vehicle environments

This study introduces a new CONnectivity ROBustness model (CONROB) to assess vehicle-to-vehicle communication in connected vehicle (CV) environments. CONROB is based on Newton’s universal law of gravitation and accounts for multiple factors affecting the connectivity in CV environments such as market penetration, wireless transmission range, spatial distribution of vehicles relative to each other, the spatial propagation of the wireless signal, and traffic density. The proposed methodology for the connectivity robustness calculation in CONROB accounts for the Link Expiration Time (LET) and the Route Expiration Time (RET) that are reflected in the stability of links between each two adjacent vehicles and the expiration time of communication routes between vehicles. Using a 117 sq-km (45-square mile) network in Washington County, located west of Portland city, Oregon, a microscopic simulation model (VISSIM) was built to verify CONROB model. A total of 45 scenarios were simulated for different traffic densities generated from five different traffic demand levels, three levels of market penetration (5%, 15%, and 25%), and three transmission range values [76 (250), 152 (500), and 305 (1000) m (ft)]. The simulation results show that the overall robustness increases as the market penetration increases, given the same transmission range, and relative traffic density. Similarly, the overall connectivity robustness increases as the relative traffic density increases for the same market penetration. More so, the connectivity robustness becomes more sensitive to the relative traffic density at higher values of transmission range and market penetration. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to show the significant effect of relative traffic density, transmission range, and market penetration on the robustness measure. The results of the study provide an evidence of the ability of the model to capture the effect of the different factors on the connectivity between vehicles, which provides a viable tool for assessing CV environments.     

Looking at sustainable urban mobility through a cross-assessment model within the framework of land-use and transport integration

In order to realise sustainable urban transport, it is necessary to combine different kinds of decision-making, including vision-led, plan-led and consensus-led approaches. In this paper, a cross-assessment model that supports both vision-led and consensus-led approaches is proposed as an analytical tool for developing sustainable urban transport and land use strategies for a low-carbon society. It is applied to an impact analysis of public transport and land use strategies in 2030 for all of Japan's 269 urban areas, with outcomes – including the financial balance of public transport operation, user benefits, and CO₂ emissions reduction – compared by strategy and urban area.     

基于ASAM标准的标定数据库逻辑分析与编程实现

ASAM组织提出的ASAM-2MC标准对汽车电子控制系统标定过程中所需要的数据信息进行了规范。深入分析了ASAM-2MC标准并提出了相应的标定信息项目实体之间的逻辑关系及数据库解析算法,开发了符合ASAM-2MC标准的标定数据库管理软件。通过对发动机电控系统标定过程中使用的a2l描述文件的解析表明,该软件能够对整车开发过程中与控制相关的参数信息进行分类,显示并提供可视化界面对其中的项目进行分析与修改。     

带舭龙骨柱体的横摇阻尼的粘性流计算

文章用RANSE求解器计算在自由面上带舭龙骨二维柱体的横摇水动力系数(附加惯量和阻尼).采用有限体积法(VOF)和两相流技术在时间域内求解柱体横摇强迫振荡所扰动的带自由面粘性流场.由柱体所受到的横摇水动力矩的时间历程导出横摇水动力系数.文中所给算例与已公开发表的试验结果吻合令人满意.     

基于WEB GIS水动力数值模拟可视化技术应用*

嵌入水动力模型的海洋地理信息系统是GIS应用的高级阶段,以图形图像直观展示数值模拟计算结果是分析海洋环境水动力特征及变化的重要手段。基于WEB GIS应用平台,在耦合水动力数学模型的基础上,应用Java 2D图形处理技术和ArcGIS JavaScript API实现数值模拟结果图件的动态生成、智能绘制及与地形图的叠加显示。