重载铁路小跨度桥梁病害综合整治加固技术研究

针对朔黄铁路某12 m跨度简支T梁病害较为严重情况,采用调查分析和现场试验相结合的方法,开展桥梁病害调查、桥梁病害整治加固和整治前后运营性能对比试验研究。结果表明:12 m跨度T梁主要存在梁体开裂严重、振动过大、支座位移过大、挠度过大等一系列病害,劣化等级评定为A级A1等,通过采取更换支座、增加梁端限位装置、梁体涂胶封闭、预应力碳纤维板加固梁体和墩身增大截面加固等系列整治加固方法,能够最大程度地完成病害整治并大幅提高结构耐久性和梁体承载能力,整治后桥跨结构振动、动挠度和支座位移等参数数值明显减小,整治效果显著。     

Identification and quantification of plankton bloom events in the Baltic Sea by continuous pCO2 and chlorophyll a measurements on a cargo ship

Continuous measurements of the surface water CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) and the chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed in the Baltic Sea using a fully automated measurement system deployed on a cargo ship. The ship commuted regularly at two day intervals between the Mecklenburg Bight (Luebeck) and the Gulf of Finland (Helsinki). The pCO₂ data collected during June 2003 and September 2004 were used to identify biological production events such as the spring bloom and the midsummer cyanobacteria bloom in five different sub-regions. To quantify the net biomass production, the decrease of the total CO₂, ^NC_T (normalized to a uniform alkalinity), during the production periods was calculated using the pCO₂, temperature and salinity records and the mean alkalinity. Taking into account the CO₂ air/sea exchange and the formation of dissolved organic carbon, a simple mass balance yielded the net production of particulate organic carbon which represents the total biomass. The chlorophyll a concentrations obtained from the fluorescence data showed peaks that in most cases coincided with the production maxima and thus supported the interpretation of the pCO₂ data. The production during both the spring bloom (2004) and the midsummer nitrogen fixation period (2003) increased by a factor of about three from the southwest to the northeast. For the spring bloom our estimates were significantly higher than those based on the winter nutrient supply and Redfield C / N and C / P ratios. This indicated the existence of additional nutrient sources such as dissolved organic nitrogen, early nitrogen fixation and preferential P mineralization. Midsummer ^NC_T minima were observed only in 2003 and used to quantify the nitrogen fixation activity and to characterize its interannual variability.     

外部粘贴预应力碳纤维板技术加固桥梁结构的工程应用与评估

采用外部粘贴预应力碳纤维板技术对金刚桥进行加固。金刚桥是一座已使用40多年的钢筋混凝土简支T形梁桥,开裂严重,抗弯刚度退化,在汽车荷载作用下梁体挠曲变形明显,需要进行加固并提高其通行荷载。根据正截面承载力验算结果,确定在主梁底部和梁肋两侧尽可能接近底部的位置粘贴预应力碳纤维板进行加固,以提高抗弯强度。加固过程中采用结构基座式的预应力张拉设备对碳纤维板施加1 000 MPa的初始应力,并在桥梁支座处通过永久性锚具设置了可靠的锚固。加固完成后采用标准荷载对桥梁进行荷载试验。试验结果表明:应用预应力碳纤维板加固技术,桥梁结构承载力满足加固设计荷载要求,且挠曲变形显著减小,桥梁结构的内力分布得到明显改善。     

CFRP圆柱螺旋弹簧静刚度预测理论及仿真

针对实心结构形式的碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧进行了建模分析,明确了相关的设计参数,提出了一种碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的静刚度预测理论,进行了算例分析,并将理论预测结果与仿真结果进行了比较.结果表明,理论预测值与仿真值相比误差较小,该预测理论可用于碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的静刚度设计.     

基于碳平衡法的汽车油耗测量方法

介绍了我国油耗测量方法标准情况以及常见的汽车油耗测量方法；阐述了碳平衡法的基本原理；分析了日本、美国、欧盟等油耗标准或法规的碳平衡法公式。通过示例比较了上述公式的计算结果以及主要影响因素，并与油耗仪实测结果进行了对比。最后指出欧盟碳平衡法公式比较简洁实用，值得我国借鉴。     

基于能耗和碳排放的桥梁加固方案评价方法

基于生命周期评价理论,建立基于能耗—碳排放的桥梁加固方案评价方法.通过目的和范围的确定,清单分析,能耗、碳排放及费用计算,结果分析与评价4个步骤,对桥梁不同加固方案的能耗和碳排放以及费用进行定量分析和计算,通过能耗、碳排放和费用综合比较,评价加固方案.运用该方法对某钢筋混凝土桥梁进行4种加固方案的评价结果表明:不同加固方案的能耗和碳排放与费用不成正比,甚至相反;桥梁加固中采用不同加固材料和施工机械时的能耗和碳排放差异很大;应综合考虑费用与能耗和碳排放的影响进行加固方案的选择.     

梯度碳纤维复合材料/铝合金复合多胞管斜压失稳研究

以碳纤维复合材料 （Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic,CFRP） /铝合金复合多胞吸能管为研究对象,建立基于试验验证的高精度有限元模型,对比分析了CFRP/铝合金复合单胞管与多胞管在多角度斜向压缩工况下的动力学响应,阐明CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管的优缺点,解析CFRP与铝合金的吸能贡献机制。针对CFRP/铝合金多胞管大角度工况下的斜压失稳问题,提出一种基于CFRP梯度缠绕策略的失稳控制方法,明确了以CFRP正向梯度缠绕铝合金复合多胞管为基础构型的解决方案。通过对梯度厚度差值与梯度层数进行参数化研究,建立了高效精准的梯度设计策略,确保CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管在期望角度范围内始终保持稳定高效的变形模式,实现多工况综合耐撞性能的显著提升。研究 成果为多材料轻质安全车身结构的耐撞性设计提供理论指导与共性技术支撑。     

Numerical Simulation of Carbon Concentration Profiles in Case Layer of Steel 20 RE-Carburized in Multipurpose Furnace with Drip-Feed Atmosphere

IntroductionTheworkonthermochemica1treatInntswithasadditiOnswasshmulatOdbybasicresearchinl982inChinall].SignilicantProgfesshasbeenmadedurillthepastdecadeinthefield.TheresultsshowthatontheonehandtheREe1emedscanacceleratethedecomPositionofthemediumandactiVatethecarburizedschceofsteelsandthusenhancethecoefficientofcarbontransfer(D").OntheotherhandatelevatedtemPeratUreREelements,althoughtheyhavemuchbiggeratOmicsizesthaniron,couddiffuseintobasedalloystOasignilicamdepth.MoreifllPortantiXtheP…     

基于WTW燃料循环分析的中国煤基车用燃料能量消耗和二氧化碳排放研究

以煤为初始原料转化为汽车燃料,从技术上可行的路线主要有煤的直接液化合成油、煤的间接液化合成油,以及煤基合成含氧的醇、醚燃料和煤制氢等.利用GREET模型,通过对煤基车用燃料整个WTW循环的分析得知,主要在WTT阶段消耗了大量的能量,产生了大量的二氧化碳,从而使能耗和温室气体的排放高于汽油车和柴油车.据此,提出通过二氧化碳捕捉减排技术和在燃料生产阶段进行排放控制等手段对煤基燃料节能降耗.     

Experimental Study on the Compressive Behavior of CFRP/ECCs

In this study, nine square concrete columns, including six CFRP/ECCs and three plain concrete control specimen columns, were prepared. The CFRP tubes with fibers oriented in the hoop direction were manufactured with 10, 20, or 40 mm rounded corner radii at vertical edges. A 100 mm overlap in the direction of fibers was provided to ensure a proper bond. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the compressive behaviors including the axial strength, stress-strain response, and ductility. It is evident that the CFRP tube confinement can improve the compressive behavior of concrete core, in terms of axial compressive strength or axial deformability. Based on the experimental results and some existing test database attained by other researchers, a design-oriented model is developed. The predictions of the model for CFRP/ECCs show good agreement with test results.