氧化催化器对柴油机NO2排放影响的仿真研究

利用流体分析软件Fire建立了柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)的三维仿真模型,并通过试验验证了模型的有效性。通过仿真模型分析了空速、DOC入口温度、NO与NOx浓度比(RNO)、CO浓度和HC浓度对柴油机DOC后NO2与NOx浓度比(RNO2)的影响。仿真结果表明:增加空速,DOC后的RNO2降低;DOC入口的RNO、CO浓度、HC浓度增大,DOC末端的RNO2增加;DOC后的RNO2随DOC入口排气温度的增加先升高后降低,在600K附近达到最大值。     

摩托车转向轴承挡碗碎裂的研究（1）

摩托车重要的齿轮、曲轴、转向轴承挡碗大部分都是用20CrMo或日本SCM420H材料，热处理工艺为渗碳、一次淬火、回火，工艺过程中如碳势、温度时间等控制不当，都会导致零件马氏体组织粗大，在不平衡力、力矩作用下或压装时零件碎裂，所以，工艺参数碳势和温度的管理是保证产品不碎裂的前提。     

以煤为原料制备的脱硫剂对二氧化硫吸附性能的研究

研究了采用高温炭化方法以煤为原料制备脱硫剂的方法及其性质。对脱硫剂的饱和吸附量及比表面积进行了测定。７００℃为最适宜炭化温度，讨论了硝酸盐种类及浸渍时间对脱硫剂性能的影响。     

CO2电化学还原合成甲酸的研究

研究了电解液中的阳、阴离子以及KHCO3浓度对CO2合成甲酸电流效率的影响,并分析了反应的初始物种.结果表明,在含有不同阳、阴离子的电解液中.甲酸电流效率的高低顺序为K >Na >Li >NH 4和PO3-4相似文献   

铟电极上电催化还原CO2

采用电镀法制备了In/Cu、In/Fe电极.用电化学测试方法考察了上述电极对CO2在0.2 moL/L的KHCO3溶液中还原反应的电催化活性,并对反应主要产物及电流效率进行分析.实验结果表明,基体上电镀铟有利于CO2的电催化还原,电还原产物主要是甲酸;在几种电极中,In/Cu电极的电催化活性最高,在-1.8 V时获得甲酸的电流效率为32.2%.最后展望了基体电镀的研究方向.     

Carbon and nutrient dynamics in a hypertrophic lagoon in southwestern Taiwan

Dissolved and particulate phases of carbon (DIC, DOC, POC) and nutrients (DIN, DIP, DSi, DON, DOP, PN) were investigated bimonthly from August 1999 to August 2000 to study biogeochemical dynamics of carbon and nutrients in Tapong Bay, a small semi-enclosed and hypertrophic lagoon in southwestern Taiwan. The lagoon has only a tidal inlet for exchanging water between Tapong Bay and Taiwan Strait, which may result in low water exchange rates and various oxygen-deficient conditions in bottom water of the inner bay during warm seasons. The water exchange time of Tapong Bay ranges from 7 days (summer) to 13 days (winter) with a mean of 10 days. Nutrient dynamics were largely ascribed to allochthonous inputs, biological and exported removals in the lagoon. Diffusion fluxes from sediments to overlying water accounted for only about 7.6% of annual DIN inputs and 1.0% of annual DIP inputs. High primary productivity (89 mol C m⁻² year⁻¹) supported by abundant nutrients primarily drove the lagoon into a hypertrophic condition as particulate organic matter was derived mainly from biological production. Excess of DIP appeared to occur throughout the study period in the lagoon. Temperature, solar radiation and turbidity, rather than nutrients, perhaps controlled seasonal variations of primary productivity. The net ecosystem production (NEP) derived from daily changes of DOC and POC inventories was about 6.3 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹ that was close to 6.7 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹ simulated from the biogeochemical modeling. Therefore, the net ecosystem production (NEP) rate of organic carbon estimated from the biogeochemical model was reliable, and the NEP was temporally variable with an annual mean of 5.8 mol C m⁻² year⁻¹, implying that Tapong Bay was an autotrophic system. Although calcification proceeded pronouncedly in warm seasons, an invasion of CO₂ was significant in this system. In terms of nitrogen budget, the annual nitrogen fixation exceeded the annual denitrification with a magnitude of 1.30 mol N m⁻² year⁻¹, which may be supported by the abundance of nitrogen fixation microplanktons in the lagoon.     

碳纤维复合材料车用结构设计与仿真研究综述

汽车轻量化技术是实现汽车节能减排的重要举措,已成为国内外汽车工业界的研究热点。碳纤维复合材料在车身上的系统应用引领了汽车行业,尤其是新能源汽车的轻量化进程。本文对国内外碳纤维复合材料车身及零部件的研究成果进行回顾与总结,从结构设计与性能仿真两个方面对目前的研究成果进行了综述,并分析存在的问题和进一步深入研究的方向。     

Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.     

A carbon footprint analysis of railway sleepers in the United Kingdom

This paper provides an assessment of the lifecycle Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with the four most common sleeper (railroad tie or cross-tie in North America) types present in the UK rail network. It estimates the embodied material, process and transport emissions linked with the lifecycle activities of construction, relay/renewal and end-of-life of these variants at low and high traffic tonnage. The analysis suggests that at low traffic loads, the softwood sleepers perform the best over the whole simulated-period. At high traffic loads, the concrete sleepers outperform all other variants in terms of lifecycle CO₂e emissions, followed by hardwood, softwood and steel. Regardless of the scenario examined, the steel sleepers perform the worst due to the carbon intensive nature of their manufacturing process. This performance gap is amplified at high traffic loads, as their service life is excessively compromised. The analysis reveals that the end-of-life pathway of timber is a critical determinant of its footprint. Results suggest that the impact of disposing of these sleepers results in their footprint being magnified. Nevertheless, if a minimum of 50% follows the combustion pathway with subsequent heat recuperation, then a GHG reduction potential of between 11% and 18% of their footprint is feasible. From a whole-lifecycle cost lens, for higher tonnage routes, the choice of concrete sleepers results in considerable financial savings. If the infrastructure manager was to install sleepers with stiff under sleeper pads (USPs), it may achieve additional economic and GHG savings, with potential for increasing the latter using recycled carbon-neutral USPs.     

上层建筑薄板焊接变形控制研究

本文以舰船上层建筑结构手工间断焊接产生的变形作为衡量依据，通过热弹塑性有限元分析方法分别进行CO2气体保护焊与手工间断焊的仿真分析,对CO2气体保护焊采用不同的焊接参数、焊接顺序等多方案进行模拟计算，明确两者焊接变形相当时的CO2气体保护焊最佳焊接工艺参数，最后通过实物模型进行了验证。本研究成果已提交给舰船制造厂，作为其制定合理的CO2气体保护焊焊接工艺参数的依据，并全面应用于舰船建造。