Investigations of vehicle securing without lashings for Ro-Ro ships

To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented. The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.     

液货舱透气系统设计与计算方法研究

针对IMO通涵以及ISO标准的新要求，从船东、船厂和船舶设计院所履行职责的角度，对新建油船和化学品船透气系统的设计与计算方法进行研究，并给出了实例。     

维持普通干货集装箱内货物品质重要措施的探讨

在普通干货集装箱的运输过程中,由于箱内湿度较大,往往会使货物受潮和变质,特别是涉及诸如电子器件和珍贵物品的运输索赔诉讼屡有发生。本文对导致"湿损"的机理进行了比较深入的分析,提出了可行的防范措施和具体的指导性建议,还介绍了当前国内外推荐的相关产品及其使用方法。     

由于货物导致的船损事故分析

由于货物导致的船损事故主要有火灾、船体破损、船舶倾覆、船体腐蚀等，这类事故的共同特点是起因的隐蔽性、损坏的永久性、事故的可预防性等。之所以会产生由于货物导致的船损事故，主要是由于货物的积载、管理不当，以及外界环境，船舶条件的影响和限制，但人的因素为主要原因。     

运载闪点低于60℃的油船货油舱超压／真空保护系统的设计和计算

本文就一艘9000吨油船货油舱超压／真空保护系统的设计和计算过程,介绍了运载闪点低于60℃的油船货油舱超压／真空保护系统的设计思路和方法,并对运载闪点低于60℃的油船货油舱超压／真空保护系统的设计特点、透气装置的选型及其主要性能等做了探讨。     

MARK III 型LNG模拟舱结构安全评估及优化设计研究

液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas）运输船的建造技术复杂，货物维护系统（Cargo Containment System） 种类繁多，船上 LNG 常采用低温高压的储藏方式，该方式对储舱结构强度以及货物维护系统的 变形要求非常高。本文采用有限元方法， 对根据行业规范设计的 MARK III 型 LNG 模拟舱结构进行结构 强度安全性评估，并在满足 LNG 模拟舱结构承载能力要求的基础上，对 MARK III 型 LNG 模拟舱进行结 构优化设计研究，为今后 MARK III 型 LNG 运输船的船体结构设计和优化提供可靠的技术支撑。     

LNG燃料船气罐连接处所内的泄漏试验及数值模拟研究

为明确现有液化天然气(LNG)燃料船气罐连接处所使用过程中需遵循的各项指标,对气罐连接处所内LNG泄漏进行了试验和数值模拟。试验以典型尺度等比不锈钢方盒为箱体,附带一个每小时换气30次的通风系统来模拟实际模型,LN2作为媒介,对气罐连接处所的安全性进行了测试,并基于挪威三维计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLACS对相关场景进行了仿真计算。试验发现在一般条件和恶劣条件泄漏时,现有的船用气罐连接处所内没有形成累积压力;当处所内低温液体液位达到0.3m时将气罐连接处所完全封闭,2分钟后处所内累积最大压力仅为0.0012MPa,不会对处所强度构成威胁,FLACS计算结果与试验结果完全吻合。采用FLACS软件对2分钟以后的场景进行了模拟分析,计算结果显示气罐连接处所在完全封堵下发生LNG泄漏的极限承载时间大约为4分钟。研究结果表明,现有的船用气罐连接处所设计时可忽略累积压力的影响,但考虑到极限条件存在,需对该处所进行评估,制定极限条件下的应急预案。     

Next generation mega container ports: implications of traffic composition on sea space demand

ABSTRACT

Demand for sea space brought about by increasing container-shipping traffic has important implications on how this space is managed and used. This is particularly important given the long-term nature, high-asset specificity, high- opportunity cost of investment, and significant economic impact of container port activity on a locality. The challenge is especially pressing for ports, which are facing constraints in seaside capacity where container traffic also has to co-exist with the needs of other types of ship traffic. This challenge is likely be multiplied for next generation container ports, which are expected to handle even larger traffic volumes. These ports are also likely to face competing sea space demands from other economic and social activities especially when they are concurrently major confluences of trade, logistics, and urban populations. This is the first research to investigate in detail the impact and importance of investigating sea space requirements from the perspective of cargo traffic composition and ship capacity. Results show that transshipment containers can generate much higher demand for sea space due to the higher volume of shipping capacity that accompanies such traffic. Sustainability issues and managerial and policy implications pertaining to the development of next generation container ports are provided.     

基于CFD的某型满足IRCC-SP符号冷藏集装箱船货舱通风数值模拟

摘 要：以某型满足ABS船级社IRCC-SP符号冷藏集装箱船的货舱通风系统为研究对象，本文采用计算流体动力学CFD方法对通风系统的风机前端进风段和风机后端风管段分别进行数值模拟和流场分析。根据计算结果优化进风段的设计以降低进风阻力，并调整风管结构以满足IRCC-SP符号的风量要求。基于CFD方法设计的货舱通风系统顺利通过了IRCC-SP模型试验，模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。研究表明，运用CFD方法进行通风系统分析，可以清晰地了解流场分布、通风阻力和风量分配等信息，以此评估通风方案的优劣，并指导优化设计提供。     

基于多物质ALE的列车水箱晃动三维模拟及箱壁动应力研究

列车中水箱晃动问题是典型的流固耦合非线性行为,同时也涉及到多相流之间的相互耦舍问题．基于多物质ALE（ArbitraryLagrange—Euler）方法建立了列车水箱晃动三维数值模型,数值模型求解采用考虑流固耦合负载平衡的区域分解并行计算技术,分析列车制动工况下水箱中水的大幅晃动及箱壁动态应力变化行为．分析结果表明,制动减速度超过0．8m／s2时水箱应力峰值呈非线性增大趋势;储水量增加,水箱最大应力相应增加;水箱中设置防波板,可明显降低水流对箱壁的冲击作用．