基于驾驶模拟器的雾天驾驶行为特性研究

在不同指令和速度反馈机制下进行了分组试验,模拟分析500,200,80,50和30 m能见度下驾驶速度选择和车道保持特性。结果表明：随着能见度的降低,车辆速度呈先升高后降低的趋势,实际速度与期望速度不匹配;除30 m能见度外,能见度降低未对驾驶员车道保持能力产生影响;80 m能见度下平均车速和车道保持率最高。     

An empirical model for estimating berth and sailing times of mega container ships

ABSTRACT

We provide two empirical models for calculating the sailing time and berth time of maritime container liner networks to effectively model the ambiguity associated with sea and port contingency for ex-ante decisions of fleet deployment and route planning. The models are based on recorded AIS data of 110 mega vessels including all the operating container mega vessels with a capacity of 16,000 TEU or more during the summer of 2015. The models are able to estimate the sailing time (with R² of 0.974) and the berth time (with R² of 0.895) without knowledge of any operational-level explanatory variables. The models are validated against the published East Asia–North Europe services. Moreover, the study reveals that vessel operators adopt different berthing and sailing strategies even under the same conditions.     

Tracks to Change or Mixed Signals? A Review of the Anglo-Saxon Literature on the Economic and Spatial Impacts of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACT

The economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment.     

城市主干路路段车速分布特性研究

车速是描述车辆运行状态的基本参数,而掌握城市主干路路段车速分布特性更是许多后续研究的基础。本文以南京市部分主干路调查得到的数据为基础,运用统计学方法,对城市主干路路段车速分布特性进行了研究。首先,通过对车速的分布形式进行拟合,定性分析了不同类型主干路的分布形式;然后,从路段整体、横向两个角度对车速分布的集中趋势和离散程度进行了分析。结果表明,城市主干路路段车速分布的形式主要与车辆行驶时的自由度有关,道路条件以及交通流状态对车速分布的参数值有着不同程度的影响。研究成果将对城市主干路的规划、设计、控制、管理以及评价提供科学依据和数据支持。     

慢即是快——紧凑道路设计思路

按照联邦州际高速公路系统设定的标准修建、扩容快速路耗资巨大,且对环境产生不利影响.然而由于交通拥堵,仅有少数出行者才能体验到快速驾驶的优势.探讨了道路设计的另一种思路——设计更紧凑的道路,或者说车道数更多但车道宽度更窄的道路.对比常规设计和紧凑设计两种思路下快速路车速、通行能力、行程时间指标,结果显示在高峰时段车辆排队严重时,紧凑设计具有较明显的优势.由于紧凑设计对道路安全性的影响尚未定论,建议设置更低的限速并采取措施禁止超速行为.最后指出,紧凑设计可增加道路通行能力以缓解交通拥堵,因此其适用范围得到扩展.     

橡胶沥青粘度影响因素研究

橡胶沥青的粘度是影响橡胶沥青混合料路用性能的关键因素,粘度过低会影响其抵抗高温和水损害的能力。文章根据布氏粘度计测试结果,分析了不同胶粉掺量、温度、转速对橡胶沥青粘度的影响,并评价了在最佳胶粉掺配比例下的橡胶沥青混合料路用性能。     

基于底盘测功机的汽车燃油消耗量测试研究

随着石油储量的减少和油价的持续走高,油耗已经成为大家关注的焦点.文章通过基于底盘测功机的汽车燃油消耗量的测试研究,获得了不同车况和车速下的油耗曲线,试验结果比较科学地反映了车辆的真实油耗,可供各种汽车油耗测试参考.     

Practical approach for travel time estimation from point traffic detector data

Accurate estimation of travel time is critical to the success of advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. Travel time estimation also provides basic data support for travel time reliability research, which is being recognized as an important performance measure of the transportation system. This paper investigates a number of methods to address the three major issues associated with travel time estimation from point traffic detector data: data filling for missing or error data, speed transformation from time‐mean speed to space‐mean speed, and travel time estimation that converts the speeds recorded at detector locations to travel time along the highway segment. The case study results show that the spatial and temporal interpolation of missing data and the transformation to space‐mean speed improve the accuracy of the estimates of travel time. The results also indicate that the piecewise constant‐acceleration‐based method developed in this study and the average speed method produce better results than the other three methods proposed in previous studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多元线性回归法估算车辆外部环境温度

通过采用多元线性回归的方法,提出一种基于发动机进气温度、发动机冷却液温度、汽车行驶速度、发动机瞬时喷油量来估算汽车外部环境温度的方法,可适用于一些精度要求不高的场合(如精度要求不超过±2.5℃)。     

高载荷气缸盖刚度和强度的分析研究

以承受20 MPa爆发压力的铝合金气缸盖为研究对象进行结构设计开发。采用有限元仿真分析的方法对5种不同方案的气缸盖刚度和强度进行数值模拟,并在综合性能较好的F0方案气缸盖上开展电测试验和疲劳试验。结果表明,气缸盖主承力结构的调整对气缸盖各处最大主应力有不同的影响规律;F0方案气缸盖具有一定的高周疲劳可靠性;电测试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真分析方法的正确性;疲劳试验验证了优化后的气缸盖可满足20 MPa爆发压力的设计需求。