光学扫描仪在整车逆向开发过程中的应用

基于ATOS、Tritop原理、优点,结合逆向开发方式在汽车开发中的主要流程,描述了ATOS、Tritop的具体应用。     

核动力集装箱船经济性分析

以大型集装箱船为研究目标,通过对普通燃油集装箱船与核动力集装箱船的运行费用进行分析,并对2种船舶全寿期内的运行费用进行比较。结果表明,在全寿期内,核动力集装箱船相比普通燃油集装箱船在油价高于367美元/t时,具有较好的经济性。     

发动机气道逆向设计方法研究及应用

发动机气道形状的数据采集属于零件内腔数据采集,一般很难直接通过测量工具来测量,三坐标测量仪测头无法伸到气道底部,而光学测量仪由于测量径深及气道外形复杂,几乎也测量不到有效的气道数据。本文根据不同的发动机气道,对发动机气道进行数据采集,采集方法主要有浇注硅胶的间接测量方法、运用逐层扫描技术的直接测量方法和发动机分割装配光学测量法。     

External costs of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles (EV) are often considered a promising technology to decrease external costs of road transport. Therefore, main external cost components are estimated for EV and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). These include costs of accidents, air pollution, climate change, noise, and congestion. All components are estimated over the product lifetime and, where appropriate, differentiated according to fuel type, vehicle size as well as emission location and time. The advantage of this differentiation is, however, compensated by high uncertainties of most cost estimates. Overall, the external costs of EV and ICEV do not differ significantly. Only for climate change, local air pollutants in congested inner-cities, and noise some advantageous effects can be observed for EV. The advantages depend strongly on the national electricity power plant portfolio and potentially also on the charging strategy. Controlled charging might allow for higher emission reductions than uncontrolled charging of EV.     

Social marginal cost pricing and second best alternatives in partnerships for transport infrastructures

According to the economic theory, if all the first-best conditions are met, social optimality involves the prices to be set equal to social marginal costs. When it is not possible to set prices equal to social marginal costs, due to the presence of constraints within the transport sector or distortions elsewhere in the economy, the theory suggests corrections to the SMC principle (second-best alternatives). But the implementation of second best alternatives can give rise to serious problems when transferred from theory to practice. This chapter will discuss in particular the problems that might rise when investment cost are included (totally or partially) in the social marginal costs rules, and in particular when private operators are involved.     

Modeling the cost sensitivity of intermodal inland waterway terminals: A scenario based approach

Cost characteristics of differently sized inland waterway terminals (IWTs) have not received much scientific attention. This observation is remarkable given the importance of costs in transportation decision-making. Classification of differently sized IWTs and their cost structure will lead to more insight into the container cost per terminal. Therefore, the goal of our research was to determine both the characteristics of the cost structure associated with different inland waterway (IWW) container terminal types and the sensitivity of the system to cost/TEU changes in input and operational conditions. We show that terminals with a higher container throughput encounter fewer costs, and can therefore charge a lower price. Assumed delays of 2 h per day on the waterside cause a 4.7–6.6% cost increase per container, mainly caused by extra labor costs. It is also assumed that the changing climate will influence terminal operations and results in extreme water levels (lasting two weeks occurring four times a year) causing a cost increase of 1.0–3.4%. Subsidies can cause cost reductions of 0.3–10.4% depending on the exact form, with the smaller terminals benefiting more because their investment costs are higher relative to operational costs. A subsidy can lower costs by up to 10.4%, but it is questionable whether small and medium terminals will have a lower cost price than the market price, showing that it is important for small and medium terminals to quickly grow in size.     

城市轨道交通自动售检票系统回收类票卡的时序数据挖掘

为优化城市轨道交通自动售检票系统回收类票卡的库存、调配管理,根据系统提供的大量时序数据,设计了一个基于"ARIMA+RBF"的组合预测模型,利用组合模型预测回收类与非回收类票卡的比例趋势、每周回收类票卡使用数量,以及每周遗失回收类票卡数量。结果表明,组合模型预测的精度要比单纯ARIMA模型要高,可以用作票卡库存管理的理论依据。将其应用到回收类票卡的采购、库存及调配等方面,可以减少运营成本、提高服务质量。     

南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案研究

用模糊评价方法对南京地铁与公交一卡通行方案进行优选。分析了南京公交IC卡系统现状和地铁AFC系统选型,表明公交IC卡系统不适应技术发展趋势以及多应用的拓展,而地铁AFC系统则充分考虑了这些需求。讨论了地铁、公交一卡通行各种可能的模式及其影响因素,利用加权最小隶属度偏差模型对南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案进行评价,评价结果与模糊综合评判加权平均模型相一致,表明一步到位方案为最佳方案,但加权最小隶属度偏差法反映了不同方案偏离理想方案的程度。     

水泥厂房振动测试及分析

介绍了对三狮水泥厂采用东方噪声数据采集系统进行现场振动实测的情况。通过测试数据采集与结果处理,对楼板水平向振动参数(位移、速度、加速度),振源水平向及竖直向的振动频率加以分析,发现楼板水平向振动位移过大,需进行减振加固处理。     

地铁动力照明系统负荷对运营成本的影响

通过深圳地铁开通运行的实测数据,反映出目前地铁设计中配电变压器容量普遍偏大的情况,并指出设计负荷计算偏大的若干原因;通过计算,阐述配电变压器偏大对运营成本的影响。