16500DWT成品油／化学品船总体性能设计探讨

本文主要介绍该船的线型设计特点,完整稳性计算,分舱与破舱稳性计算,总纵强度计算情况,有关规则与规范的应用情况。     

Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea?

Entering of chemical substances into aquatic environment occurs either by involuntary accidents or discharging of chemical wastes resulting from tank washing operations of tankers carrying chemicals. MARPOL 73/78 Convention strict regulations on discharging of chemical residues left in their tanks to the sea, but permits the discharging of such residues provided certain conditions are met. In the present study; the period from 1996 to 2016 is examined and the number of new tankers participating in the chemical tanker fleet and the distribution of these tankers according to dwt tonnage is shown. The tanker fleet which consisted of 1.882 ships in 1966 reached 3.923 units in 2016. Accordingly, the volume of chemical merchandise carried by sea was 132 million tons in 1996, but it reached 287 million tons in 2016. According to the order books, it is understood that these figures will increase even more. The increase in the number of tankers and the growth of the capacities means that more chemical substances are transported at the same time and the tonnage of the chemical waste discharged to the sea is also on increase. Based on the scientific background which proves that chemicals cause biological accumulation and acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic life, and the results of chemical tanker development over the last 20 years that has been presented; It is necessary for maritime authorities to reconsider the legal arrangements for allowing chemical tankers to discharge chemical wastes from tank washing waters to the sea.     

Air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Caribbean Sea from 2002–2004

Air–sea fluxes in the Caribbean Sea are presented based on measurements of partial pressure of CO₂ in surface seawater, pCO_2sw, from an automated system onboard the cruise ship Explorer of the Seas for 2002 through 2004. The pCO_2sw values are used to develop algorithms of pCO_2sw based on sea surface temperature (SST) and position. The algorithms are applied to assimilated SST data and remotely sensed winds on a 1° by 1° grid to estimate the fluxes on weekly timescales in the region. The positive relationship between pCO_2sw and SST is lower than the isochemical trend suggesting counteracting effects from biological processes. The relationship varies systematically with location with a stronger dependence further south. Furthermore, the southern area shows significantly lower pCO_2sw in the fall compared to the spring at the same SST, which is attributed to differences in salinity. The annual algorithms for the entire region show a slight trend between 2002 and 2004 suggesting an increase of pCO_2sw over time. This is in accord with the increasing pCO_2sw due the invasion of anthropogenic CO₂. The annual fluxes of CO₂ yield a net invasion of CO₂ to the ocean that ranges from − 0.04 to − 1.2 mol m^− 2 year^− 1 over the 3 years. There is a seasonal reversal in the direction of the flux with CO₂ entering into the ocean during the winter and an evasion during the summer. Year-to-year differences in flux are primarily caused by temperature anomalies in the late winter and spring period resulting in changes in invasion during these seasons. An analysis of pCO_2sw before and after hurricane Frances (September 4–6, 2004), and wind records during the storm suggest a large local enhancement of the flux but minimal influence on annual fluxes in the region.     

油轮洗舱的安全管理

油轮在洗舱时会给船舶和海洋环境带来风险,易发生人身伤亡事故和海难,因此如何做好洗舱时的安全管理是十分重要的。针对油轮洗舱中的各种风险,船长和船员要有充分的思想准备和应对措施,最重要的是要按照操作规程和规章制度办事,才能够保障船舶、人员和海洋环境的安全。     

Case Study of Marine Ecological Compensation Criteria Based on Environmental Risk

This paper forecasted and identified the environmental risks and ecological effect caused by chemical spill by simulating the xylene spill in Xiamen waters. The evaluation objects of ecological damage include four parts: marine ecosystem services, sea water quality, marine biological resources (plankton, benthos, nekton, etc.), and beach habitat. The ecological compensation criterion was confirmed as 1.73 million Yuan per year in the short term and 8.09 million Yuan in the long term. And an ecological compensation mode was suggested to be that if the chemical spill does not occur this year, the compensation will return to the enterprise next year; while if chemical spill occurs, the compensation will not be returned. The encouragement mechanism "returning compensation if no spill" might motivate enterprises to improve the environmental risk management and avoid the risks.     

加速单壳油船淘汰新规则的研究

国际海事组织 ( IMO)第 5 0届海洋环境保护委员会 ( MEPC)通过了有关单壳油船加速淘汰的修订案 ( MARPOL公约附则 I第 1 3G条 ) ,包括为油船延长申请状态评估计划( CAS)和禁止单壳油船装载重等级油 ( HGO)的新规则 ,有望于 2 0 0 5年 4月 5日在默认接受程序之下被强制执行。本文对此进行了介绍。并论述了其对油船市场影响     

浅析化工专业英语特点及教学方法

文章通过分析化工专业英语无机化合物英文命名教学过程中存在的普遍规律,帮助学生尽快掌握无机化合物的英文命名。     

大型油船航速估算方法

对现有的船舶航速估算方法分析比较，提出了大型油船的航速估算方法。其中有效功率估算是根据上海船研所肥大船系试验图谱和实船试验资料经分析、修正得出，与荷兰Ｈｏｌｔｒｏｐ法、大连造船厂法比较，本文方法均方差最小，估算值与试验值最接近；自航因子估算以ＳＳＰＡ大油轮系列自航试验资料为基础，用上海船研所大量肥大船模型自航试验数据修正得出。     

化学耗氧量无汞快速测定法的研究

在原标准回流滴定法的基础上提出了化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）无汞快速测定法，同时采用银—氨络合还原法对化学耗氧量测定废液中的银进行了回收。采用本方法将一次测定ＣＯＤ的时间由原来的３ｈ缩短至１ｈ，精密度实验的相对标准偏差在±４％之内，加标回收率达到９８％以上，可以满足环境监测规定的要求。     

川江及三峡库区液体化学品船标准船型设计理念和技术特点

本文介绍川江及三峡库区化学品船标准船型设计思想,化学品船设计中特殊的技术特点及处理方法,阐述了低速、大方形系数货船船型特征。