内外贸同船运输下长江经济带穿梭巴士网络优化

为研究内外贸同船运输政策对航运企业布局长江经济带穿梭巴士网络的影响,本文允许同一船舶同时运输内贸集装箱和外贸集装箱,以总运输成本最小化为目标,考虑服务频率、多航次、时间窗、载重量等约束,构建基于轴辐式的长江经济带集装箱穿梭巴士网络优化模型。针对该模型,本文设计了包含5种破坏算子和2种修复算子的自适应大邻域算法求解模型,并选取上海和长江干线19个港口间的内贸集装箱运输和外贸集装箱运输进行实证分析。研究结果表明：实施内外贸同船政策可节约23.6%的总运输成本,提升平均舱位利用率至87%。该政策改变了原有穿梭巴士的网络结构,直达航次比例增加17%,加快了穿梭巴士的周转。同时,相比于设置1个枢纽港,长江经济带下游将南京港和太仓港共同设置为枢纽港更有利于中上游内外贸集装箱的中转,可节约6%～17%的总运输成本。     

LNG重型牵引车经济性及动力性研究

文章针对不同动力匹配的LNG重型牵引车,采用CRUISE仿真分析与车辆实际运行数据分析相结合的方法进行经济性及动力性研究,确定了仿真分析方法的可行性,为通过仿真分析进行动力匹配的优化提供了借鉴.     

分幅距离对青藏高速公路分离式路基动力响应的影响

为研究地震波作用下分离式路基的动力响应特性,结合现场钻孔资料,以标准断面的分离式路基为研究对象,采用二维非线性动力有限元非关联流动法,建立2幅坡脚距离分别为5,10,15和20 m的路基模型。通过施加50 a超越概率2%,10%和63%的地震波,得到分幅距离变化对路基地震动力响应的影响效应。研究结果表明:路基表面的Mises应力值大小受坡脚距离变化影响较大,对天然地表与坡脚影响微小,而对剪应力S12值大小的影响规律与此相反;随着坡脚距离的增加,路基表面与天然地表的水平峰值位移呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,在10 m坡脚距离的参考点水平峰值位移出现极大值。研究结果为青藏工程走廊内的路基选型布线与抗震设计提供一定参考。     

The corridor problem with discrete multiple bottlenecks

This paper presents a transparent approach to the analysis of dynamic user equilibrium and clarifies the properties of a departure-time choice equilibrium of a corridor problem where discrete multiple bottlenecks exist along a freeway. The basis of our approach is the transformation of the formulation of equilibrium conditions in a conventional “Eulerian coordinate system” into one in a “Lagrangian-like coordinate system.” This enables us to evaluate dynamic travel times easily, and to achieve a deep understanding of the mathematical structure of the problem, in particular, about the properties of the demand and supply (queuing) sub-models, relations with dynamic system optimal assignment, and differences between the morning and evening rush problems. Building on these foundations, we establish rigorous results on the existence and uniqueness of equilibria.     

Factors and scenario analysis of transport carbon dioxide emissions in rapidly-developing cities

To identify key factors of transport CO₂ emissions and determine effective policies for emission reductions in fast-growing cities, this study establishes transport CO₂ emission models, quantifying the influences of polycentricity and satellite cities and re-examining the effects of per capita GDP and metro service. Based on the model results, we forecast future residents’ urban transport CO₂ emissions under several scenarios of different urban and transport policies and new energy technologies. We find nonlinear quadratic growth relationship between commuting CO₂ emissions and per capita GDP, and the elasticities of household and individual commuting CO₂ emission to per capita GDP are 1.90% and 1.45%, respectively. Developing job-housing balanced satellite cities and self-contained polycentric city can greatly decrease emissions from high emitters and can contribute to about 51–82% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the scenario of business as usual (BAU). Promotion of electric vehicles, electric public buses, metros, and improvement of traditional energy efficiency contributes to about 48–57% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the BAU. When these policies and technologies are combined, about 90% of the emissions could be reduced by 2050 compared with the BAU, and the emissions will be about 1.2–4.9 times of the present. The findings suggest that fostering polycentric urban form and job-housing balanced satellite cities is the key step for future transport CO₂ emission reductions. Metro network promotion, energy efficiency improvement, and new energy type applications can also be effective in emission reductions.     

The corridor problem: Preliminary results on the no-toll equilibrium

Consider a traffic corridor that connects a continuum of residential locations to a point central business district, and that is subject to flow congestion. The population density function along the corridor is exogenous, and except for location vehicles are identical. All vehicles travel along the corridor from home to work in the morning rush hour, and have the same work start-time but may arrive early. The two components of costs are travel time costs and schedule delay (time early) costs. Determining equilibrium and optimum traffic flow patterns for this continuous model, and possible extensions, is termed “The Corridor Problem”. Equilibria must satisfy the trip-timing condition, that at each location no vehicle can experience a lower trip price by departing at a different time. This paper investigates the no-toll equilibrium of the basic Corridor Problem.     

Assessment of economic impacts from unexpected events with an interregional commodity flow and multimodal transportation network model

Loss and damage caused by unscheduled events, especially earthquakes, have sudden and significant impacts not only on the region’s economy where the event occurs but also on other regions. The New Madrid Seismic Zone, located in the center of the United States, could have great impacts on economic activities related to this area, if a major earthquake occurred. Based on the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey [US Commodity Flow Survey, 1993. Available from: <http://www.bts.gov/ntda/cfs/prod.html>], more than 42% of total commodity flows in the US are related to the greater Midwest, which includes the New Madrid Seismic Zone. If a catastrophic earthquake occurred in this area, the indirect damages could spread far beyond the region, and could have sizable impacts on other regions. A model of interregional commodity flows, incorporating regional input–output relationships, and the corresponding transportation network flows, was applied to assess the economic impacts of such an unexpected event. The economic impacts from the event are described for three hypothetical scenarios, analyzing the magnitude and the extent of the direct and indirect impacts. These analytical results may be used to propose strategic management of the recovery and reconstruction efforts after the event.     

重载铁路预应力混凝土梁桥设计及经济性分析

针对国内首条重载铁路山西中南部铁路通道工程的建设,结合系列简支T梁和连续梁的工程设计和经济性分析,得出重载预应力混凝土梁桥的合理设计,通过中活载与重载两种荷载模式下常用跨度简支T梁和系列连续梁的设计、研究,对比分析桥梁上部及下部结构的材料用量和延米造价,确定山西中南部铁路通道工程采用的混凝土梁桥线通图,主要结论如下:(1)预应力混凝土梁部设计在活载采用重载列车时,其材料用量提高值小于其承载能力提高值;(2)活载采用重载列车对下部结构的影响比值较小。     

瓜达尔港发展及布局研究

巴基斯坦瓜达尔港是中巴经济走廊的旗舰项目,也是中巴经济走廊西部唯一出海口,承担着未来走廊区域货物运输的重要任务。在对瓜达尔港现状及发展优势等分析的基础上,结合港口腹地的发展规划及产业发展趋势等的研究,提出瓜达尔港为中巴经济走廊出海口之一、巴基斯坦西部经济发展的支点、巴基斯坦重要港口、中亚五国出海口、南亚及毗邻中东的贸易中心的定位,同时结合城市布局做出"西湾发展旅游休闲功能,东湾发展城市服务及工业相关功能"的港口布局,并就今后港口开发提出建议。     

基于自适应神经网络的电力系统经济调度

为了适应新能源接入大电网的发展趋势,降低输电损耗,提出了考虑输电损耗的电力系统经济调度问题。提出根据功率平衡约束误差在线调整连续神经元更新步长的自适应方法,建立了基于增广的Lagrange-Hopfield神经网络的自适应神经网络算法,并且构建了该算法的仿真计算流程。从理论上证明了该算法的收敛性,论证了该算法具有快速的收敛速度。通过选取不同的更新步长参数求解实例,证明该算法可以在线调整步长,从而提高收敛速度,大幅减少迭代次数。