Competition in Brazilian bus and coach services - The results of recent competitive tendering processes

This paper analyses the terms and the results of a sample of some recent Brazilian bidding processes for the concession of public passenger transport services: namely, urban and metropolitan bus or regional coach services. The analysis is based on selected issues relating to competitiveness and upon the legal framework that applies in this sector. It was concluded that, given the lack of bidding processes for concessions in the bus and coach sector in Brazil, the fact that some bidding processes have been carried out should be considered a sign of progress. However, these auctions have not necessarily prioritised competitiveness, since many barriers to entry into the systems were imposed by the bidding terms. Future competitive tendering processes should seek to abide by stricter principles of competitiveness, if they wish to avoid the entire effort expended on conducting such processes serving only to mask nothing more than formal obedience to the law and to discredit the bidding process in the eyes of Brazilian citizens.     

旧沥青路面厂拌热再生利用经济效益分析模型研究

选择国内外有代表性的厂拌热再生设备,从设备生产成本、旧料回收利用成本、再生剂费用、材料节省费用、总体经济效益等5个方面采用收益现值法量化分析了利用厂拌热再生设备再生利用旧沥青路面的经济效益,并在此基础上建立旧沥青路面厂拌热再生利用经济效益分析模型,分析了不同旧料掺配比率时的经济效益差异.     

Economic impact of non-motorized transportation in Indian cities

Lack of a clear understanding regarding the economic impacts of non-motorized modes is a major reason why they are excluded from the transportation development agenda of cities in India. Keeping this aspect in mind the present study has been divided in to two parts. The first part tries to understand the non-motorized traffic evolution in India. It focuses on the declination of non-motorized modes, necessity to revamp it, the favorable conditions to promote them in India and the relative problems associated with it. It is found here that there is a necessity for defining the role of non-motorized modes in India for the viable implementation of infrastructure and policies related with it.     

A simulation approach for estimating value at risk in transportation infrastructure investment decisions

Traditional economic analysis techniques used in the assessment of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects are based upon the assumption that future cash flows are fully deterministic in nature and are not designed to account for risks involved in the assessment of future returns. In reality, many of these infrastructure projects are associated with significant risks stemming from the lack of knowledge about future cost and benefit streams. The fundamental premise of the PPP concept is to efficiently allocate risks between the public and the private partner. The return based on deterministic analysis may not depict a true picture of future economic outcomes of a PPP project for the multiple agencies involved. This deficiency underscores the importance of risk-based economic analysis for such projects. In this paper, the authors present the concept of Value-at-Risk (VaR) as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) to assess the risk share for the public and private entity in a PPP project. Bootstrap simulation is used to generate the risk profile savings in vehicle operating cost, and in travel time resulting from demand-responsive traffic. The VaR for Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is determined for public and private entity. The methodology is applied to a case study involving such a joint venture in India, the Mumbai Pune Expressway/National Highway 4 (MPEW/NH4), and fiscal implications from the perspective of the public and the private entities are examined. A comparison between deterministic and risk based economic analysis for MPEW/NH4 is presented. Risk analysis provides insightful results on the economic and financial implications from each participant's viewpoint.     

A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not under the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.     

高职经管类非会计专业基础会计教学的思考

非会计专业基础会计课程的教学一直是高职经济管理类教学课程的重要组成部分。然而,笔者通过调研发现这一课程的教学效果并不理想,存在部分学生兴趣不大,学习主动性不强,掌握程度难以达到教学基本要求等问题。针对这些问题,笔者从教学手段、难度把握、考核手段、教学方法等方面提出了相应的对策。     

城市道路交通噪声污染经济损失及评估

文章应用市场估值法、享乐价格法和意愿调查价值评估法对城市道路交通噪声经济损失的货币化进行分析,并以北京市为例,计算评估了城市道路交通噪声带来的经济损失。     

增程/插电式电动商用车控制策略和经济性分析

对一款增程/插电式电动商用车进行研发。设计了该电动车辆的系统拓扑结构,分析了其工作原理。基于中国典型城市工况下进行了车辆的行驶仿真,得到了增程/插电式商用车的油耗和经济性。     

普速铁路涵洞覆土厚度不足地段轨道减振措施研究

既有线经提速改造后,因标准提高,出现涵洞地段原有的覆土厚度不满足规范要求,列车通过时引起较大振动,必须采取相应的轨道减振措施。调研常用的轨道减振方法,结合既有宁启线200 km/h提速工程实例,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,对不同减振方案下车辆、轨道、路基的动力学指标进行仿真计算。计算结果表明:不减振措施方案,不能满足时速200 km线路要求;减振方案各项计算结果均满足相关规定要求,能满足时速200 km线路要求。根据仿真计算结果,综合分析施工方便性、整治后的工后沉降以及综合经济性指标后,对200 km/h提速工程涵洞覆土厚度不足地段得出以下结论:0.65 m≤覆土厚度h≤1.2 m地段,采用弹性长轨枕方案,覆土厚度h0.65 m地段,采取线路纵断面调整措施将覆土厚度调整至0.65 m以上。     

刚架桩板式挡土墙受力分析及应用研究

针对传统桩板式挡土墙采用人工开挖桩井,工效低、施工安全风险大,锚固段无基岩或坚硬地层时桩身截面尺寸大、锚固段长、不经济等不足,提出一种新型的刚架桩板式挡土墙,该挡土墙由双排钢筋混凝土灌注桩、桩顶冠梁刚性连接、前排桩预留连接钢筋与布设的钢筋网连成整体浇筑挡土板组成。通过对刚架桩板式挡土墙的受力分析,给出此新型支挡结构的设计思路和方法;通过3处采用刚架桩板式挡土墙的工程实例与传统桩板式挡土墙的对比分析,说明刚架桩板式挡土墙在技术和经济方面具有明显的优势。