邻机舱的货舱舱口角隅有限元研究

利用PATRAN建立960 t集装箱船邻机舱的货舱舱口角隅应力集中有限元计算模型,讨论在纯压载荷和压剪组合载荷下圆形和椭圆形应力释放孔孔形的应力分布情况,并讨论设置加厚板后的应力分布情况及角隅形式改变后应力分布的变化。从实用的角度分析改变应力释放孔形状和设置加厚板的效果。     

永定新河淤积机理探讨

根据已有的实测资料,对永定新河河道的潮流及其输沙特性进行初步分析,试图探求淤积机理.建立淤积量估算方法.     

硫酸盐干湿循环环境对高性能混凝土性能影响

通过开展硫酸盐干湿循环侵蚀环境对五种强度高性能混凝土的侵蚀试验,以抗压强度、电通量、硫酸根离子浓度为相关测试指标,测试经过不同干湿循环次数后混凝土指标的变化情况,研究硫酸盐干湿循环对高性能混凝土的侵蚀特性,提出增强混凝土耐久性的合理建议与措施。     

特大断面隧道平交段稳定性分析及安全控制

平面交叉段隧道结构由于支隧道的存在,使得平交段结构受力复杂,围岩应力集中程度高等,给施工增加了很大难度。为了解特大断面平交段隧道的稳定情况以及施工中安全控制事项,以四川省某水电站场内交通工程的一处特大断面隧道平交段进行建模数值分析。结果表明,隧道平交口的施工是整个隧道施工过程中的关键;支隧道开挖后对主隧道围岩的影响主要...     

圆柱壳大开孔补强的应力集中分析

针对潜艇耐压壳体上大开孔补强处的应力集中现象,结合工程实际问题,采用规范和有限元法对潜艇耐压壳体上大开孔不同补强形式进行了研究,建立了相应的模型,并求出了应力集中系数。通过对两种方法的计算结果进行分析比较,发现当围壁加强时,最大周向应力处的弯曲应力不容忽视。结果说明,用有限单元法进行大开孔补强结构设计是合理、有效的,是对规范计算的完善和补充。     

外倾式部分斜拉桥重庆嘉悦大桥锚固结构试验及受力分析

介绍了重庆嘉悦大桥的主梁结构特点,以及该桥的主梁节段空间应力仿真分析结果,并介绍了为验证计算结果所做的主梁一节段1∶3缩尺模型试验的研究情况。从理论和实践上探讨了PC主梁部分斜拉桥采用特殊索梁锚固结构的可行性,以及锚固结构在超大索力作用下的安全性,得到了一些对设计、施工有益的结论和建议。     

土体中应力分布基本规律的探讨

基于土体的颗粒结构和只有颗粒接触传递应力的特性，对不同姿态颗粒接触中应力传递的机理分析，揭示了土体在相对静态下存在主动力的应力扩散效应和强被动力的应力集中效应，及其形成的土体中应力分布基本规律。主动力的应力场是以其所在土层的应力扩散角θ向外扩散的园锥形应力范围，在应力场内应力扩散分布，主应力方向不变，且伴有与之垂直的法向应力，应力分布均衡了应力场内颗粒和支承面的位移趋势。强被动力的支承面上存在以θ角向外扩散倒锥台形的应力平衡范围，在此范围内反向应力集中作用到强支承面，强支承面主导了其所在应力场的应力分布。土拱效应是应力集中效应的衍生效应，是相邻的同向强支承反力的应力平衡范围发生重迭时产生的现象。     

机车轮对温差法装配过程三维弹塑性模拟

用有限元方法对机车轮对温差法装配过程进行了三维弹塑性模拟,分析了车轮与车轴中的等效应力和接触应力的分布以及轮对的塑性变形,探讨了轮毂配合间的边缘应力集中问题,对轮对过盈配合的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

Production of Acartia omorii (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Ilkwang Bay, southeastern coast of Korea

Production of the marine calanoid copepod Acartia omorii was measured from 2 October 1991 to 8 October 1992 at a station in Ilkwang Bay on the southeastern coast of Korea. A. omorii (nauplii + copepodites + adults) were present in the plankton throughout the year, with seasonal variation in abundance. Biomass of A. omorii was averaged at 0.44 mgC m^− 3, with peaks in February and July, and relatively low biomass in late summer and fall. Egg production rate ranged from 2.4 to 151.9 μgC m^− 3 day^− 1, which was equivalent to 95–6075 eggs m^− 3 day^− 1. Fecundity of an adult female was averaged at 38 eggs female^− 1 day^− 1. Instantaneous growth rates of copepodites were higher than those of nauplii stages. Annual production of A. omorii ranged from 33.5 mgC m^− 3 year^− 1 to 221 mgC m^− 2 year^− 1, showing a seasonal variation of daily production rate with peaks in February and July. The daily production rate of A. omorii was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. These results suggest that standing stocks and/or productivity of phytoplankton are the major influencing factors, rather than water temperature for the seasonal variation of production of A. omorii in Ilkwang Bay.     

Microphytobenthos biomass at Kerguelen's Land (Subantarctic Indian Ocean): repartition and variability during austral summers

Microphytobenthos biomass has been measured at several coastal sites on the SE of the main island of the Kerguelen Archipelago (Indian Ocean), during several austral summers (1985–1992), using a conventional fluorometric method. Heterogeneity tests, conducted on two different intertidal sites (Port-Aux-Français, PAF; and Port-Raymond, PRA), showed low standard deviations, whereas the mean concentrations were highly different. Pigment concentrations showed a high variability related to the characteristics of the sediments: from low biomass in coarse intertidal sand, submitted to intense scouring (0.32±0.31 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw, 0.29±0.14 μg Phaeo g⁻¹ dw) to high biomass in intertidal muddy sand in sheltered areas, particularly along estuaries (54 μg Chl a, 15 μg Phaeo g⁻¹ dw at Korrigan). The subtidal muddy sediments under a Macrocystis pyrifera (Linné) and Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso in Choris) belt exhibited high concentrations in phaeopigment (Phaeo) (up to 136±83 μg g⁻¹ dw; PRA), while the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) was relatively low. The dense macroalgal canopy supports an important epiphytic diatom biomass (mainly the genera Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Grammatophora Ehrenberg), which is sedimenting after degradation and is in part responsible of the high levels of Phaeo in all sediments. Macroalgal debris were observed, but diatom frustules were dominant in most surficial subtidal sediments. A circatidal mud, in the Morbihan Bay, made of a sponge spicule mat (50 m deep; 4.96 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw), showed a very low Chl a/Phaeo ratio (0.1), while it reached up to 6 in intertidal sand. Surprisingly, a penguin rookery beach, at the east side of Courbet Peninsula, was characterized by a very low biomass (0.07±0.04 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw), while it was nutrient enriched, particularly with nitrates.In comparison with the data at the similar latitude, but in temperate regions from the Northern Hemisphere, the microphytobenthos biomass, recorded at Kerguelen's Land, exhibited relatively high pigment concentrations, particularly the Phaeo, and supported a dense and diversified subtidal macrofauna composed of polychaetes (particularly Thelepus extensus Hutchings and Glasby), sea urchins, mytillids and gammarids. The exuberant macroalgal canopy, coastal indentations and low tidal amplitude must be in part responsible of these large benthic primary and secondary biomasses.