Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality

This study intends to empirically verify Jacobs’ urban vitality theory, which was based on the observations of her New York City neighborhood in the mid-20th century. To examine the relationship between the residential built environment and walking activity, we used telephone survey data consisting of 1823 valid samples from across Seoul, a city characterized by a high population density and a well-established public transportation system. Respondents were asked questions about their residential location, their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and their walking activities. This study then used geographic information systems to measure objective indicators of built environment variables within 500-meter buffer areas based on the home addresses of the respondents. Then, this study constructed multilevel regression models with walking activity as the dependent variable. Our results indicated that walking activity is associated with Jacobs’ six conditions for urban vitality, including land use mix, density, block size, building age, accessibility, and border vacuums.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

水泥土渗透性的室内试验研究

针对水泥土的渗透性问题,首先对比实施标准养护和海水养护条件下水泥土的渗透试验及微型贯入试验,研究水泥土的强度与渗透性的关系及劣化对水泥土渗透性的影响;其次,将制备好的水泥土试样不经养护立即实施渗透试验,模拟研究场地形成的水泥土的渗透性随时间的变化规律。试验结果表明,标准养护条件下,水泥掺量越大,龄期越长,水泥土强度越高,相应地渗透系数越小。但是,水泥土的渗透系数随龄期所产生的强度变化不大。海水养护条件下,由于水泥土发生劣化,导致水泥土的渗透性随龄期呈显著增大的趋势,说明劣化使水泥土强度降低的同时,也导致其渗透性增大。水泥土劣化滞后于海水渗透。场地形成的水泥土的渗透性随水泥掺量增大而减小。水泥土渗透性随时间呈现减小的趋势,前期渗透性减小较快,之后渗透性基本趋于稳定。     

板式无砟轨道交通引起的环境振动数值分析

利用已研究出的高速铁路动荷载,采用粘弹性边界,运用有限元法建立轨道-路基-大地二维动力分析模型,分析板式无砟轨道交通引起的振动在大地中的传播特性。计算分析表明:地表的振动强度随着离轨道中心线的距离增加而逐渐衰减。离轨道中心线近处,地表振动较强,而且加速度主要频段在20 Hz以上;离轨道中心线较远处,振动较小,加速度主要频段在10 Hz以下。随着离轨道中心距离的增加,加速度幅值随之减小,而且地表20 Hz以上的振动衰减得较快,10 Hz以下的振动衰减得较慢。     

某车型潮湿环境下制动抱死问题整改研究

为解决某车型售后用户抱怨在汽车刚开始行驶时(冷启动,尤其每天早晨)的后轮制动抱死问题,分析可能造成潮湿环境下后轮制动抱死的原因.通过分析试验得出:鼓式制动器的摩擦片材料锈粘着问题是导致潮湿环境下制动抱死的主要原因.     

南河综合整治工程设计浅析

通过分析南京市南河综合整治工程设计,初探城市河道水环境综合整治设计思路和一些重难点问题的解决方案,以期为其他类似工程提供借鉴和参考.     

常德市城区防洪大堤加高加固设计

该文结合湖南省常德市城区防洪大堤防洪墙的加高加固,对混凝土结构加高加固设计进行分析探讨,防洪工程建设应加强与环境创新、人文景观的结合,使堤防功能不断提升。     

微观交通流仿真一体化环境研究

针对国内交通仿真研究的零散性和解决问题的单一性等特点，结合项目组开发的仿真软件，提出了微观交通流仿真一体化环境的结构和功能，按照面向对象、面向消息和模块化建模的思想对一体化仿真的理论框架以及构建一体化仿真环境的关键技术进行了探讨。     

公路环境影响评价中几个声环境问题的探讨

对公路建设项目环境影响评价中存在的几个声环境问题进行了探讨：（1）对公路交通噪声预测中关于车型的分类进行了分析讨论;（2）环境噪声预测时,现状噪声的叠加应有选择;（3）对噪声影响的居民区应做一个全线的分析;（4）对噪声监测点的选择及监测进行了分析;（5）对公路两侧执行的噪声标准进行了分析。根据分析提出加强噪声预测精度的建议。     

新疆公路三级区划中环境参数的提出

自然环境条件对公路工程的影响，主要体现在路线选取、路基强度和稳定性、路面稳定性和耐久性、公路主要自然病害(包括冻融、翻浆、雪害、风沙害、崩塌、滑坡和地震灾害等)、施工条件和养护运营环境等5个方面，分析自然条件和公路工程的关系，提出公路区划中地质地貌环境参数和水热状况环境参数。阐述了环境参数的提出过程，为新疆公路自然区划三级区的划分提供依据。