未满200总吨小型海船最低安全配员证书核发工作探析

合理的船员配备能够有效的保证船舶及船上人员的安全,还能保护船员得到充足的休息。随着社会发展,小型海船的情况越来越复杂,更因为营运成本、沿海船员紧缺等因素的限制,小型海船船东对最低安全配员的减配要求尤其突出。文中梳理了未满200总吨小型海船最低安全配员证书核发工作中遇到的问题,提出了相关的对策建议。     

近40年来明代海防史研究的回顾和检讨

明代海防问题的相关研究,长期以来被置于倭寇史、军制史和海疆史三个学术脉络之下,已有成果丰硕,充分勾勒出整个海防体制的概貌和趋向。近年来,历史学的区域研究方兴未艾,回到当地的社会脉络,通过区域的、个案的研究揭示一时一地的海防实态,从许多历史的细部进一步揭示出国家制度的地方实践。从问题和思路的角度回顾近40年来明代海防史研究现状,有助于检讨和思考整个海防史研究的理路和存在的问题。     

新冠肺炎疫情下的沿海港口发展及供给侧调整方向

本文依据AIS航迹观测和实际调研情况,分析港口供给侧受新冠肺炎疫情影响、港口供给侧保障水平,发现本次疫情对我国全年港口吞吐量存在较小影响,但港口运输进入低速增长期。同时,从码头、通道、服务、政策四方面,提出了提高港口资源利用效率、促进运输结构调整、探索智慧港口发展与建设、优化审批流程等相关建议。     

沿海地区路基施工

以沿海公路地基施工为背景,对地基在荷载作用下的稳定性及沉降变形进行了分析研究,对不同基础类型的软弱土,采取了多种类型的处理措施。通过工后沉降观测,达到了预期的效果。针对施工的合同段,对软基处理的施工方法和技术控制要点进行了详细阐述,以期能为沿海公路路基施工提供参考。     

Marine Shoreline Management—A 35-Year Evaluation of Outcomes in San Juan County,Washington, US

In 1976, Washington became the first state to implement the federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) primarily through the 1971 WA Shoreline Management Act (SMA). However, there has been little effort in Washington to evaluate outcomes of shoreline protection programs post SMA. In 2006–2008, we characterized shoreline conditions in San Juan County over three time periods spanning pre and post SMA and engaged community members to improve effectiveness of shoreline protection. We found modest improvements in forest retention on marine shorelines between pre and post 1977, but few other improvements through time. While we could not measure shoreline construction rates, construction practices for shore armor and overwater structures (docks) have changed very little, despite the increased regulatory standards. The vast majority of shore armor constructed post SMA occurred without mandatory county or state permits likely due to: widespread perception that permits were unnecessary and that permit standards were arbitrary and inconsistently applied; poor understanding of shoreline ecology by community members; lack of county or state enforcement authority and shoreline monitoring programs; and poor permit tracking systems.     

A New Coastal Policy for South Africa

Treaties on Trial: The Continuing Controversy Over Northwest Indian Fishing Rights by Fay G. Cohen (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986), 229 pages.     

On the distribution of dissolved lead in the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf, France

The dissolved lead was studied in the whole salinity gradient of the system composed of the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf. About 130 samples were collected in winter 2001 and spring 2002 during Nutrigas and Gasprod campaigns (Programme PNEC-Golfe de Gascogne, RV Thalassa) and metal measurements were conducted on board by Potentiometric Stripping Analysis. In the Loire estuary, levels of dissolved lead ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 nM and from 0.04 to 0.26 nM in winter and spring, respectively. Compared to the concentrations reported in 1987 and 1990 (0.4–1.7 nM; Boutier, B., Chiffoleau, J.F., Auger, D., Truquet, I., 1993. Influence of the Loire river on dissolved lead and cadmium concentrations in coastal waters of Brittany. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 36:133–143, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 36, 133–143) our study indicated much lower values. The fall in concentration in the estuary could be attributed to the stopping of activity of Octel, a big manufacturer of tetra alkyl lead. Discharge in dissolved metal to the continental shelf by the Loire river was assessed as 7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 for winter and spring, respectively. On the continental shelf, levels of dissolved lead varied within 0.06 and 0.27 nM in winter (0.15 ± 0.06 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 49), whereas concentrations measured in spring were in the range 0.06–0.17 nM (0.09 ± 0.03 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 60). This difference in metal concentration was related to the amounts of rainfall that have fallen over the continental shelf: estimations of inputs by this way (74 and 32 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively) appeared to be significantly higher than inputs from the Loire river (7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively). The distributions of dissolved metal in the surface waters highlighted the role of suspended particular matter (SPM) for a rapid “trapping” of lead near the mouth of the estuary. The vertical distributions showed, in the stratified area, a biological transfer of lead between winter and spring from surface waters to the halocline.     

Errors in dynamical fields inferred from oceanographic cruise data: Part I. The impact of observation errors and the sampling distribution

Diagnostic studies of ocean dynamics based on the analysis of oceanographic cruise data are usually quite sensitive to observation errors, to the station distribution and to the synopticity of the sampling. Here we present an error analysis of the first two sources. The third one is evaluated in Part II of this work (J. Mar. Sys. (2005), this issue). For observed variables and those linearly related to them, we use the Optimal Statistical Interpolation (OI) formulation. For variables which are not linearly related to observed variables (e.g., the vertical velocity), we carry out numerical experiments in a consistent way with OI statistics. Best results are obtained when some kind of scale selection or spatial filtering is applied in order to suppress small scales that cannot be properly resolved by the station distribution.The formulation is first applied to a high resolution (SeaSoar) sampling aimed to the recovery of mesoscale features in a region of large spatial variability (noise-to-signal fraction of the order of 0.002). Fractional errors (rms error divided by the standard deviation of the field) are estimated in about 2% for dynamic height and between 4% and 20% for geostrophic vorticity and vertical velocity. For observed variables, observation errors and sampling limitations are shown to contribute in similar amounts to total errors. For derived variables, sampling errors are by far the dominant contribution. For less dense samplings (e.g., equally spaced CTD stations), fractional errors are about 6% for dynamic height and between 15% and 30% for geostrophic vorticity and vertical velocity. For this sampling strategy, errors of all variables are mostly associated with sampling limitations.     

浅谈以NSM规则理念规范海事船舶管理的可行性

本文结合福州海事局所属海事船舶在管理中以NSM规则为指导,建立并运行海巡艇安全管理体系的做法,提出运用NSM规则理念规范海巡艇管理的新思路,旨在进一步提高海事船舶"管用养修"的水平,真正做到海事船舶管理的"规范化、制度化、标准化"。     

海巡艇远程调度指挥系统建立与应用

介绍了基于北斗导航卫星系统的海巡艇远程调度指挥系统的组成及其功能,该系统的应用实现了对我国全海区海巡艇的无缝隙有效调度指挥,以及船舶之间、船岸之间的快速信息传输,提高了海事监管的快速反应能力和海上搜寻救助成功率。