Camera calibration and vehicle tracking: Highway traffic video analytics

We describe a real-time highway surveillance system (RHSS), which operates autonomously to collect statistics (speed and volume) and generates incident alerts (e.g., stopped vehicles). The system is designed to optimize long-term real-time performance accuracy. It also provides convenient integration to an existing surveillance infrastructure with different levels of service. Innovations include a novel 3-D Hungarian algorithm which is utilized for object tracking and a practical, hands-off mechanism for camera calibration. Speed is estimated based on trajectories after mapping/alignment with respect to dominant paths learned based on an evolutionary dynamics model. The system, RHSS, is intensively evaluated under different scenarios such as rain, low-contrast and high-contrast lightings. Performance is presented in comparison to a current commercial product. The contribution is innovation of new technologies that enable hands-off calibration (i.e., automatic detection of vanishing points) and improved accuracy (i.e., illumination balancing, tracking via a new 3-D Hungarian algorithm, and re-initialization of background detection on-the-fly). Results indicate the capability and applicability of the proposed system in real-time and real-world settings.     

A methodology for evaluating the performance of model-based traffic prediction systems

Model-based traffic prediction systems (mbTPS) are a central component of the decision support and ICM (integrated corridor management) systems currently used in several large urban traffic management centers. These models are intended to generate real-time predictions of the system’s response to candidate operational interventions. They must therefore be kept calibrated and trustworthy. The methodologies currently available for tracking the validity of a mbTPS have been adapted from approaches originally designed for off-line operational planning models. These approaches are insensitive to the complexity of the network and to the amount and quality of the data available. They also require significant human intervention and are therefore not suitable for real-time monitoring. This paper outlines a set of criteria for designing tests that are appropriate for the mbTPS task. It also proposes a test that meets the criteria. The test compares the predictions of the mbTPS in question to those of a model-less alternative. A t-test is used to determine whether the predictions of the mbTPS are superior to those of the model-less predictor. The approach is applied to two different systems using data from the I-210 freeway in Southern California.     

Validation of an extended discrete first-order model with variable speed limits

This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC.     

船长在安全管理体系(SMS)中的作用

船长在公司安全管理体系中起着举足轻重的作用,他贯彻执行公司安全管理体系的好坏直接影响一艘船的安危,本文阐述了船长在公司安全管理体系中应该起到的作用,并就在SOLAS和STCW95公约中关于船长的规定与要求进行分析,最后提出了关于船长进一步提高安全意识、防污染意识、应急意识和船长的综合业务水平的解决途径和解决措施。     

浅析ISPS规则的实施对船舶和船舶管理的影响

简单介绍了ISPS规则出台的背景,重点分析ISPS规则对船舶和船舶管理方面的影响,同时展望了国际海运反恐的发展趋势。     

如何做好PSC检查前的工作

根据港口国检查结果通报,对船舶被滞留的原因进行分析与研究,并提出相应的整改措施。     

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基于城市中心区拥堵不断加剧的现状,同时也考虑到未来城市人口增长、用地调整,以及城市化和机动化进程不断加速发展的趋势,本文依托西南某中心城市缓解拥堵重点项目,合理规划未来城市交通系统.决策定量化是未来城市交通规划的决策趋势,而交通模型是重要的技术支撑手段.在居民出行等调查数据的基础上,采用四阶段构架进行交通需求模型的建模.在方式划分阶段,根据家庭是否有车分别采用NL和MNL模型,并在交通分配时定制符合本地城市特点的路阻函数.最后,通过模型测试评价不同规划策略和方案的交通运输效果.     

超高频磁场探头校准研究

介绍超高频磁场探头的校准原理，并对测量不确定度进行了详细的分析评定。     

船舶航行安全的可持续改善途径

回顾了国际海事组织(IMO) 成立以来的国际海上安全状况和控制途径, 揭示了“国际安全管理规则与港口国监督” (ISM规则+PSC) 模式的运作机制、实质和局限性, 提出用MMEM理论来完善该模式和实现技术与管理的有机结合; 强调置身于安全文化中, 对“技术、管理、观念”进行综合促进, 是持续改善海上安全的必由途径。     

正面碰撞用HIII 50百分位男性假人颈部标定系统的研究

介绍了汽车正面碰撞过程中所用到的HybridIII50％男性假人及其标定原理,着重介绍其颈部标定试验设备、试验步骤、试验结果及分析,并给出相应问题的解决方案,最终阐明颈部标定的必要性。