Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

In South Africa, a restructuring of the public transport system is currently under way. In the bus industry the tender for contract system is being implemented, the commuter rail sector is being recapitalised and the minibus taxi industry recapitalization programme is in its early stages. Progress with policy implementation across the modes of transport, modal split trends and issues that hamper the full development of the public transport industry are discussed in this paper. Medium to long term policy and strategy initiatives that will further inform the development of the industry are also highlighted in this chapter.     

提升高职院校服务地方区域经济发展的策略研究

我国社会主义现代化建设迫切需要人才资源、科学技术、投资环境等多方面的支持,而高职院校作为服务地方区域经济发展的主力军应承担起社会振兴的历史使命。剖析高职院校服务地方区域经济发展的必要性,深究高职院校在服务地方区域经济发展过程中存在的问题,从明确高职院校办学定位、提升科研能力、加强政策力度、建立配套机制等几方面提出我国社会主义现代化建设过程中高职院校服务地方区域经济发展的破解路径。     

Multi-criteria analysis of decision-making by international commercial banks for providing shipping loans

This research investigates the underwriting attitude of international commercial banks in lending shipping loans. By adopting the analytic hierarchical process methodology, the underwriting attitude is captured to understand how bankers would deal with shipping loans in response to the current lengthy recession. We find that bankers focus on the criteria of corporate recourse (CR) in their decision-makings. Of the CR factors, the financial strength of shipowner is the most important factor, followed by the shipowner’s business history and the bank–firm relationship. With the current underwriting attitude, the shipping sector may have limited access to shipping loans of international commercial banks due to low corporate ratings caused by the long recession and the nature of industry itself: volatility, fragmentation, capital intensity, high leverage, etc.     

快速公交系统模式研究——以广州市BRT试验线系统为例

"快速通道+灵活线路"模式是城市快速公交应用中一种探索与创新的系统模式。以广州市BRT试验线为例介绍"快速通道+灵活线路"模式及其三个关键要素:快速专用通道、灵活线路运营、高效车站服务。探讨该模式在节省公交出行时间以及适应公共交通需求两方面的优势。分析"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的特性,并与传统的固定线路模式进行对比,归纳其三个关键要素与BRT系统效能的关系。最后,讨论了"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的适用条件,并指出快速公交的发展应走公交集约化和系统资源利用最大化的道路,提供快速、高效、便捷的高品质公共汽车交通服务。     

水面舰艇基本通信能力的效能评估

水面舰艇的基本通信能力是舰艇通信系统效能的重要方面,根据通信设备的工作特性,对舰艇的基本通信能力按业务类型分类,并运用层次分析法的思想构建了指标体系,对水面舰艇的基本通信能力进行效能评估.结果证明了该方法的可行性,此方法也可为下一步系统通信效能分析提供参考.     

商用车电子稳定性控制系统的标准发展及关键技术

介绍了商用车电子稳定性控制系统(ESC)的基本原理及其技术背景,阐述了系统标准的发展现状,并从系统功能定义、系统评价、系统的试验方法及仿真方法等方面,分析了标准的核心内容.简述了系统控制策略、车辆状态估计、执行器设计开发、系统评价体系、底盘综合控制等关键技术.     

探讨商用车驾驶室减振降噪技术

随着我国各领域经济的不断发展,商用车的数量每年都在持续的增加。而对商用车驾驶员进行调查后发现,驾驶室内的噪声污染对其驾驶舒适度以及对路况以及车辆行驶的判断能力都有一定的影响。文章就商用车驾驶室噪声的产生原因进行简单的分析,并提出一些减震降噪技术的应用,为商用车的应用提供一点建议。     

Implementation and validation of a three degrees of freedom steering-system model in a full vehicle model

This paper describes the coupling between a three degrees of freedom steering-system model and a multi-body truck model. The steering-system model includes the king-pin geometry to provide the correct feedback torque from the road to the steering-system. The steering-system model is combined with a validated tractor semi-trailer model. An instrumented tractor semi-trailer has been tested on a proving ground and the steering-wheel torque, pitman-arm angle, king-pin angles and drag-link force have been measured during steady-state cornering, a step steer input and a sinusoidal steering input. It is shown that the steering-system model is able to accurately predict the steering-wheel torque for all tests and the vehicle model is accurate for vehicle motions up to a frequency where the lateral acceleration gain is minimum. Even though the vehicle response is not accurate above this frequency, the steering-wheel torque is still represented accurately.     

中国商业银行国际结算业务现状及存在问题分析

近年来,随着进出口业务的增长迅速,各家银行对国际结算业务的认识越来越重视。但是,商业银行的国际结算业务在带动经济发展的同时,也面临着创新能力有限的问题。本文着眼于中国商业银行国际业务的实际,剖析了现阶段中国主要商业银行在国际结算业务方面所反映出的问题,并给予了适当的调整策略。