A measurement and Comparison of Cost Competitiveness of Container Ports in Southeast Asia

Terminal users face a variety of costs associated with the container terminal and those that are harder to quantify should not be ignored for they might represent a larger component of the overall costs associated with using a particular terminal. Similarly, the competitive advantage of a container terminal operator goes beyond the elements that can be quantified. The paper uses and modifies Cournot’s simultaneous quantity-setting model as a means to derive the overall costs of using the terminal. The application of this model to the perspective of competition between container terminal operators in Singapore, Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas finds that the increasingly cost competitive operators in Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas were able to close the gap with PSA Corporation in Singapore in the overall costs of using their terminal facilities between 1998 and 2002 although PSAC continued to enjoy a dominant share of the container-handling market in the region. The paper also highlights the tremendous amount of opportunities available to these terminal operators to advance and capitalise on their competitive advantages beyond aggressive price competition.The author would like to stress that the views presented do not represent those of his organization.     

博弈论在投标报价中的应用

博弈论是研究和帮助在相互依存情况中理性人应当如何做决策使得自己利益极大化的数学理论。随着我国基础设施建设的发展,博弈论在工程投标中得到应用。介绍运用博弈论中不完全信息静态博弈的贝叶斯纳什均衡分析工程建设无标底招标时的最优投标报价策略,建立投标人盈利函数的数学模型并求解。结合工程实例,按博弈论最优报价公式指导其投标报价,实践证明实施效果良好。