心墙水力劈裂与孔压关系的探讨

基于Biot固结理论的有效应力二维数值模拟方法,研究了堆石坝的粘土心墙水力劈裂过程中孔隙水压力的变化．分析了坝体竣工期粘土心墙中的拱效应,探讨了从竣工固结到蓄水过程和稳定渗流期粘土心墙中孔隙水压力的变化分布特点,并对心墙发生水力劈裂的可能性进行判断．研究结果表明：堆石坝粘土心墙内部孔隙水压力梯度的模拟分析能更加合理地解释水力劈裂发生与蓄水速度和心墙低渗透性的关系,因此,分析考虑水位上升过程中粘土心墙内孔隙水压力分布情况是研究心墙水力劈裂发生机理的重点．     

浙江农村公路水毁防治的实践

在搜集、整理农村公路水毁防治原理、措施、方法等资料的基础上,对其进行了梳理、归类,编制了适用于一线农村公路养护工人的水毁防治口诀,并对口诀进行了详细的解释说明。     

人力资源视野下的高职院校教师队伍建设

高素质专业化教师队伍是实现高职教育事业发展和人才培养目标的重要保障。高职院校教师队伍建设应以人力资源理论为导向,拓宽引进渠道,创新激励机制,加强培训开发,构建评价体系,充分发挥人力资源管理的配置、激励、开发和评价等四大核心职能。     

混凝土路面水铣技术及应用

对混凝土水铣技术的国内外发展现状进行综述,并在对该技术工作原理和应用效果进行论述的基础上,针对国内的应用前景,提出磨料水铣方法。     

库水位等速下降中均质库岸塌岸现象试验研究

为研究库水位等速下降过程中均质水库岸坡的塌岸现象及岸坡内浸润线的变化特点,以取自三峡库区的含黏粒粉砂为主要试验土料,对建立的4个不同结构的均质岸坡模型进行了7种不同速率的水位下降试验.试验结果表明,库水位下降速率越大,均质水库岸坡的塌岸现象越易发生,但库水位下降速率的大小并不与塌岸现象的严重程度成正相关关系;试验测得浸...     

强夯法加固软土地基在高速公路中的应用实例

国道207线宝昌至三号地(蒙冀界)高速公路软土地基加固采用强夯法施工工艺,从施工角度将本项目强夯施工工艺、方法及粗浅的认识介绍给大家.     

复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料研究

为解决传统注浆材料耗费水泥量极大的问题,需研制出工作性能好和经济环保的注浆材料。通过对比不同体系双液注浆材料的性能,优选出复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料,并研究钢渣与矿渣的掺量、水玻璃的体积掺量及水灰质量比等对双液注浆材料工作性能、胶凝性能和抗压强度等的影响规律。研究结果表明： 当钢渣与矿渣的掺量为60%,水玻璃的体积掺量为 20%~30%、水灰质量比为0.7~1.0时,所制备的浆液凝胶时间可控,流动度在300 mm以上,3 d的抗压强度在13 MPa以上。     

钢筋混凝土锚桩在振冲密实区施工的探讨

钢筋混凝土锚桩在振冲密实区以锁口形式组成连续墙体的施工具有较大的难度。文章通过QICT二期项目这个实例,以试桩的方式对钢筋混凝土锚桩施工进行了尝试性的探讨,从而发现在振冲密实区施工存在的锤击数问题、偏位问题和桩头破碎问题,并对产生的问题进行分析和采取应对措施,取得了较好的效果。     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

An approach to estimation of near-surface turbulence and CO2 transfer velocity from remote sensing data

The air–sea CO₂ exchange is primarily determined by the boundary-layer processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean since it is a water-side limited gas. As a consequence, the interfacial component of the CO₂ transfer velocity can be linked to parameters of turbulence in the near-surface layer of the ocean. The development of remote sensing techniques provides a possibility to quantify the dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy in the near-surface layer of the ocean and the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity on a global scale. In this work, the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy in the near-surface layer of the ocean and its patchiness has been linked to the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity with a boundary-layer type model. Field observations of upper ocean turbulence, laboratory studies, and the direct CO₂ flux measurements are used to validate the model. The model is then forced with the TOPEX POSEIDON wind speed and significant wave height to demonstrate its applicability for estimating the distribution of the near-surface turbulence dissipation rate and gas transfer velocity for an extended (decadal) time period. A future version of this remote sensing algorithm will incorporate directional wind/wave data being available from QUIKSCAT, a now-cast wave model, and satellite heat fluxes. The inclusion of microwave imagery from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will provide additional information on the fractional whitecap coverage and sea surface turbulence patchiness.