基于系统工程的海上交通安全问题研究

此文在系统工程的基础上,采用Reason模型,从船员—船舶—环境—管理四个环节来分析海上交通运输安全问题,并提出相关对策和建议,以提高安全管理水平,降低船舶事故的发生率,促进海上交通运输的安全发展、和谐发展。     

深海工程船锚泊仿真系统研究

为了实现工程船定位和控位快速模拟仿真,本文以45000DWT海洋工程船为例,采用均匀设计试验方法,确定深海船舶工作不同的工况组合,基于Ansys-Aqwa软件对工程船深海锚泊动态响应进行仿真分析,对仿真结果进行回归处理,得到船舶位移和锚索张力与锚索长度、风浪流环境载荷变化的数学响应模型,再对位移数学响应模型进行求反函数处理,获取船舶控位调整锚索长度的方法,为深海锚泊软件仿真系统提供模型支撑。     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为，提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model，HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型，模拟驾驶人感知过程，获得期望的车间距；预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹，即决策过程；优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作，即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析，结果表明，本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%，证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响.借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟.通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性.同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤.研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

面向健康诊断的悬索桥试验模型设计

介绍了以健康监测与诊断研究为目的的悬索桥结构模型试验设计。根据悬索桥的结构特点,建立了考虑横向联结系的三维有限元模型;然后采用ANSYS有限元分析程序对模型的动力特性进行了预分析,获得了模型的自振频率和振型,进一步验证模型试验的可行性,为进行更深层次的试验研究奠定了基础。     

直供方式接触网避雷线安装方式与防雷效果分析

雷击将造成电气化铁路接触网绝缘子闪络,影响供电的可靠性。现有的研究表明,在直供方式中,接触网的绕击耐雷水平远低于其反击耐雷水平,因此架设避雷线有利于提高接触网的整体耐雷水平,减少雷击跳闸率。研究回流线升高兼做避雷线(方案1)与单独架设避雷线(方案2)对接触网防雷效果的影响。研究结果表明,当避雷线位置合适时,两种方案均能对承力索的绕击起到很好的保护作用。单独架设避雷线时,回流线与避雷线共同作用,增大与承力索的耦合系数,并对雷电流起到分流作用,从而提高接触网的感应耐雷水平与反击耐雷水平。因此方案2的感应雷耐受水平与反击雷耐受水平均略高于方案1,但总体投资要大于方案2,现场应根据雷害的严重程度及投资比较,选取合适的方案。     

弓网动态接触压力测量方法研究

在电气化铁路中,弓网接触压力对机车供电可靠性及质量起着重要作用。通过总结分析国内外测量方法,对影响弓网接触压力的因素及受电弓受力情况进行分析,设计一种检测弓网动态接触压力及机车运行方向摩擦力的装置,并对误差进行分析。