Model-based predictive control for bicycling in urban intersections

In this paper, a model predictive control approach for improving the efficiency of bicycling as part of intermodal transportation systems is proposed. Considering a dedicated bicycle lanes infrastructure, the focus in this paper is to optimize the dynamic interaction between bicycles and vehicles at the multimodal urban traffic intersections. In the proposed approach, a dynamic model for the flows, queues, and number of both vehicles and bicycles is explicitly incorporated in the controller. For obtaining a good trade-off between the total time spent by the cyclists and by the drivers, a Pareto analysis is proposed to adjust the objective function of the MPC controller. Simulation results for a two-intersections urban traffic network are presented and the controller is analyzed considering different methods of including in the MPC controller the inflow demands of both vehicles and bicycles.     

A topological route choice model for metro

This article presents a route choice model for public transit networks that incorporates variables related to network topology, complementing those found in traditional models based on service levels (travel time, cost, transfers, etc.) and users’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (income level, trip purpose, etc.). The topological variables represent concepts such as the directness of the chosen route and user knowledge of the network. For both of these factors, the necessary data is endogenous to the modelling process and can be quantified without the need for information-gathering beyond what is normally required for building route choice models. Other novel variables in the proposed formulation capture notions of user comfort such as vehicle occupancy rates and certain physical characteristics of network stations. We conclude that these new variables significantly improve the explanatory and predictive ability of existing route choice specifications.     

沥青BBR小梁试验的流变分析

以粘弹性理论为基础，采用Burgers模型表征沥青的本构关系，推导沥青材料在BBR小梁弯曲试验的蠕变规律，并利用DPS统计软件进行非线型回归，求解沥青粘弹性参数，并分析BBR试验SHRP评价方法的本质．通过Shell70#沥青BBR小梁试验流变特性的实例分析及将粘弹性参数用于预测相同温度下直接拉伸试验的应力变化特性，认为利用Burgers粘弹性本构模型表征沥青材料特性的物理意义明确，可用于评价材料的使用性能．     

银铜合金接触线新工艺的研究

根据连续挤压工艺原理，提出“上引连铸-连续挤压-(轧制)-拉拔”银铜合金接触线制造新工艺。用扫描电子显微镜对新工艺生产的接触线进行显微组织观察分析，得出其横断面的平均晶粒度为8．62μm，在室温下的导电率为102．2％IACS、延伸率为7．78％、拉断力为47．42kN。用新工艺生产的接触线晶粒细小、均匀，其导电率、延伸率、拉断力等性能都明显提高。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

落石碰撞法向恢复系数的模型试验研究

法向恢复系数取值是落石运动路径计算的关键参数。利用高速摄像机拍摄不同坡面铺装、不同坡度、不同下落高度、不同落石质量和形状试验条件下落石碰撞坡面的过程,提取落石碰撞坡面前后落石的运动参数,据此反算法向恢复系数,得到如下规律:坡面铺装和坡度是法向恢复系数的主要影响因素,落石的形状和质量以及下落高度对法向恢复系数的影响不明显;随坡面由硬到软,法向恢复系数逐渐减小;随着坡度的增大,法向恢复系数逐渐增大;由试验数据计算所得各种试验条件下的法向恢复系数多集中在0.4以下,占总数量的94%,其中0.3以下的占84.8%,0.1以下的占36.5%,且有超过1/3的试验落石几乎没有法向回弹,说明以前仅基于坡面软硬程度的法向恢复系数取值方法在实际工程中会使计算的落石弹跳高度偏大。从坡面铺装和坡度两方面综合考虑,给出了法向恢复系数取值建议表,并建议坡面越硬、坡度越大时取区间内高值,反之则取区间低值。     

混合湍流模型的参数优化与分析

在以全流场N-S方程为研究对象的空化流动数值计算中,湍流模型在很大程度上影响了对空化流动的精确预测。为了进一步完善针对非定常空化流动数值计算构建的基于密度分域的混合湍流模型（FBDCM）,利用代理模型方法对FBDCM模型参数的整体敏感度进行了分析,评价了相关经验系数的扰动对空化流场及水动力特性预测精确度的影响,建议了针对非定常空化流动计算的模型参数的具体取值。结果表明,经验系数C2通过调节FBDCM中FBM模型和DCM模型的影响比重,成为对模型预测精度影响程度最大的因素;通过代理模型优化分析确定经验系数的混合湍流模型,能更好地调整流场内的湍流粘性,精确计算了反向射流区域大尺度涡团的流动,与实验结果更为接近。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

永电模式的形成和发展

本文通过对“永电模式”形成和发展的分析 ,提出国有企业管理和改革的根本出路