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141.
Achieving transport modal split targets at intermodal freight hubs using a model predictive approach
The increase of international freight commerce is creating pressure on the existing transport network. Cooperation between the different transport parties (e.g., terminal managers, forwarders and transport providers) is required to increase the network throughput using the same infrastructure. The intermodal hubs are locations where cargo is stored and can switch transport modality while approaching the final destination. Decisions regarding cargo assignment are based on cargo properties. Cargo properties can be fixed (e.g., destination, volume, weight) or time varying (remaining time until due time or goods expiration date). The intermodal hub manager, with access to certain cargo information, can promote cooperation with and among different transport providers that pick up and deliver cargo at the hub. In this paper, cargo evolution at intermodal hubs is modeled based on a mass balance, taking into account hub cargo inflows and outflows, plus an update of the remaining time until cargo due time. Using this model, written in a state-space representation, we propose a model predictive approach to address the Modal Split Aware – Cargo Assignment Problem (MSA–CAP). The MSA–CAP concerns the cargo assignment to the available transport capacity such that the final destination can be reached on time while taking into consideration the transport modality used. The model predictive approach can anticipate cargo peaks at the hub and assigns cargo in advance, following a push of cargo towards the final destination approach. Through the addition of a modal split constraint it is possible to guide the daily cargo assignment to achieve a transport modal split target over a defined period of time. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of these statements. 相似文献
142.
This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC. 相似文献
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144.
In this paper, a model predictive control approach for improving the efficiency of bicycling as part of intermodal transportation systems is proposed. Considering a dedicated bicycle lanes infrastructure, the focus in this paper is to optimize the dynamic interaction between bicycles and vehicles at the multimodal urban traffic intersections. In the proposed approach, a dynamic model for the flows, queues, and number of both vehicles and bicycles is explicitly incorporated in the controller. For obtaining a good trade-off between the total time spent by the cyclists and by the drivers, a Pareto analysis is proposed to adjust the objective function of the MPC controller. Simulation results for a two-intersections urban traffic network are presented and the controller is analyzed considering different methods of including in the MPC controller the inflow demands of both vehicles and bicycles. 相似文献
145.
船舶焊接领域中,钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力,针对这一问题,文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性,然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响,探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系,并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真,得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明,焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳,且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小,通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动,在一定程度上降低残余应力大小,有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。 相似文献
146.
In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations. 相似文献
147.
大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥索梁锚固区传力机理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
结合南京长江二桥、安庆长江大桥、苏通长江大桥索梁锚固区足尺模型疲劳试验及有限元分析,研究索梁锚固区的传力机理及应力分布。研究表明,由斜拉索传来的巨大压力,通过锚箱底板、承压板与腹板的连接焊缝,以剪力的形式传递到钢箱梁腹板上;锚箱与主梁腹板焊缝处的应力从上到下逐渐增大,在下端达到最大值,承压板上的应力稍小,均满足强度要求;经200万次和400万次(苏通大桥)疲劳加载,均未发现有裂纹发生,应力均无大的变化。验证了设计的正确性和制造工艺的可行性。 相似文献
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149.
工程模型的制作在必须具有真实性、功能性和艺术性三位一体的同时、再通过造型艺术和采用新技术、新材料、新成果等措施,使模型成为更高品位的作品。 相似文献
150.
青藏铁路昆仑山隧道排水侧沟模型试验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以青藏铁路昆仑山隧道排水侧沟为实体,通过室内模型试验,采取在隧道排水侧沟内铺设加热电缆,进行加热除冰,研究寒季隧道侧沟电热除冰对隧道围岩的影响程度和范围,分析在极端不利条件下隧道侧沟电热除冰方案的可行性。在隧道侧沟内积满冰后进行加热,冰完全融化后对隧道围岩温度的最大影响深度为2.95 m,围岩温度最大升高值为0.71℃,发热电缆加热化冰过程会使隧道围岩温度有所升高,但不会导致隧道围岩融化。在极端不利情况下(气温-13.0℃),水沟流量为50 m3.d-1,采用70 W.m-1的发热电缆,水沟温度保持在-0.5~1.0℃,侧沟内水温基本在-0.1~0.3℃之间波动,沟内水不结冰,水沟排水通畅,而且对隧道围岩的影响很小。 相似文献