Experimental study on a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water. Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

两种舰船—飞机耦合系统的降阶建模方法

舰船的运动和甲板的变形，对着舰飞机的冲击载荷会产生影响，而该冲击载荷又会直接影响飞行甲板的变形，因此两者的运动是耦合的，需要把它们作为一耦合系统进行分析。本文对该耦合系统提出了两种降阶建模方法。该方法首先对飞行甲板进行动力缩聚，使其只包含在整个降落过程中会与飞机起落架的运动发生耦合的所有自由度，然后把降阶了的模型与飞机一起建工耦合动力学方程。运用该方法建立起来的动力学方程规模将大大减小。通过对某型号飞机及舰船计算表明，本文提出的方法是可行的。     

四阶段交通预测模型基础数据库设计

基础数据是交通模型的根本，一个好的基础数据库也是交通模型可靠性的有力保障。本文分析了建立四阶段交通规划模型的数据需求，并对其来源进行了分析，提出了最基本的交通模型数据库结构。     

AHP法在崇启高速公路生态环境综合影响评价中的应用

构建压力—状态—响应框架模型。对于可定量分析的指标,采用实地监测的方法来获取,对于定性描述的指标,采用专家咨询和分级打分的方法来获取。得到各个评价因子的数值后,采用层次分析法(AHP)来确定各个影响因子的权值,最后加权平均。以崇启高速公路施工期和营运期为例,对生态环境进行分析和评价。     

一种浮标自由上浮模型试验换算方法

对浮标自由上浮模型试验过程中的受力进行分析,提出一种预报浮标实尺在水下自由上浮过程中最大稳定速度的方法,预报结果与CFD模拟的结果相近.     

浅析盾构隧道模型试验的现状与发展

模型试验是盾构隧道相关研究工作中常用的研究手段。文章对目前盾构隧道模型试验所涉及到的问题进行了系统总结分析,将其归结为管片结构的受力问题、隧道结构本身的分析模型问题、结构与围岩的相互作用问题、开挖面稳定问题、结构与邻近结构物的相互作用问题、隧道施工扰动与控制问题,以及其他问题等。通过典型模型试验实例,对每类问题进行了分析阐述,系统归纳了模型试验在盾构隧道相关研究工作中的进展和成果。针对盾构隧道模型试验经常涉及到的诸如结构模型、模型土、模型箱等材料的选择,加载方案的设计,以及试验方案的综合设计等问题进行了阐述分析,并针对性地提出了意见和建议。     

A topological route choice model for metro

This article presents a route choice model for public transit networks that incorporates variables related to network topology, complementing those found in traditional models based on service levels (travel time, cost, transfers, etc.) and users’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (income level, trip purpose, etc.). The topological variables represent concepts such as the directness of the chosen route and user knowledge of the network. For both of these factors, the necessary data is endogenous to the modelling process and can be quantified without the need for information-gathering beyond what is normally required for building route choice models. Other novel variables in the proposed formulation capture notions of user comfort such as vehicle occupancy rates and certain physical characteristics of network stations. We conclude that these new variables significantly improve the explanatory and predictive ability of existing route choice specifications.     

城市客运模式选择研究

国内目前各城市的客运发展存在着地域之间不平衡,发展面临问题众多的局面,行业管理存在较多待破解的关键性问题.本文从城市客运管理运营模式作为研究视角,通过审视和比较世界不同城市交通的发展模式,结合影响城市客运模式的主要决定因素,论证国内目前的发展阶段和城市客运模式,研究提出适合于中国特点的、可持续发展的城市交通发展模式.     

加筋土桥台结构挡墙位移的数值模拟分析

运用通用有限元程序ANSYS对一实际工程桥台部分进行非线性三维有限元分析,主要考察面板位移与实际监测值位移发展趋势的对比。结果表明模拟与实际监测趋势基本吻合。