The effect of weld residual stress on fracture toughness at the intersection of two welding lines of offshore tubular structure

Due to the spatial complexity and fabrication characteristics of offshore platforms, it is inevitable to encounter overlaps or proximity of weld lines in tubular joints. Several international standards such as American Petroleum Institute (API), American Welding Society (AWS), and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) regulate the minimum distance between primary weld beads; however, any logical and detailed background of this limitation has not been presented. For a non-compliant weld joint where the regulation is not met, fracture toughness calculation is a typical index to verify the structural integrity.This research consists of two parts. First, weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Two crossing welds, a T-weld crossing on a butt weld, are simulated in one model. A separate tee and a butt welding simulations are also performed for a comparative purpose. Second, SIFs and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four different types of semi-elliptical surface cracks. Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thermo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions. An additional axial tensile load is also imposed. SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them. From the simulation, a tubular joint containing a chord girth weld intersected with weld beads of brace is found to show lower the SIF values than that having only a girth weld on chord.     

“工程力学”课程教学中加强高职学生工程能力和兴趣培养的探索

概述了工程力学性质,对学生现状进行了分析,提出了从引入工程案例、制作力学模型、苦练教师内功等三个方面来加强高职学生工程能力和兴趣的培养。     

隧道“关门”塌方原因的力学分析及预防对策

为向施工技术管理人员解释隧道初期支护随施工的应力变化规律,进而找出发生“关门”塌方的原因,首先说明“关门”塌方发生时的施工状况,一般采取钢架+锁脚锚杆+喷射混凝土的支护结构,塌方时松散荷载已形成; 然后按荷载-结构模型,在初期支护承担全部设计荷载的条件下,通过施工三台阶法对上、中、下3个断面采取结构力学力法分别进行内力计算及承载能力分析。结果表明: 在围岩完全松散的极限情况下,上台阶绝对安全,中台阶基本安全,下台阶开挖尤其是仰拱开挖时塌方的风险极高。针对上述问题提出预防“关门”塌方的相应对策。结论认为采取钢架+锁脚锚杆+喷射混凝土的支护形式,支护结构处于极限应力平衡状态,很容易破坏而造成隧道坍塌。     

承担全部设计荷载的隧道初期支护的设计计算方法

针对当前隧道初期支护设计存在不能承担全部设计荷载、以初期支护仰拱闭合的有利结构而不是以仰拱未闭合的最不利结构为最终设计目标而造成结构存在安全隐患以及给不出锚杆锚固力设计值和现场围岩变形很大使得采用岩体力学进行设计初期支护不具备条件的问题,提出按照“荷载-结构”的计算模型,采取结构力学力法对隧道初期支护承担全部设计荷载、对应施工“三台阶”法、对型钢钢架和喷射混凝土按变形协调条件确定各自承担荷载的比例系数、就钢架和喷射混凝土承载能力分别进行计算分析,明确在各部施工时对喷射混凝土强度以及锚杆的锚固力的要求。计算结果表明： 1）采取除中心夹角60°范围外其余均匀布置分布锚杆、采用“型钢钢架+分布锚杆+喷射混凝土”支护型式的隧道初期支护完全具有承担全部设计荷载的能力,且仰拱开挖不会威胁支护的稳定; 2）应将锚杆作为支护结构的链杆支座来确定锚杆锚固力; 3）锚杆和喷射混凝土3 h的强度对支护结构的承载能力影响很大。     

艾溪湖大桥主桥设计

艾溪湖大桥是一座30m+108m+30m三跨连续外倾式四索面下承式钢箱系杆景观拱桥,主桥结构的构成:正交异性板钢箱梁、钢拱肋、平行钢丝束吊杆及预应力钢绞线系杆。经结构受力分析,该桥各项力学性能、抗风抗震及结构稳定性均满足现行设计规范要求。     

砾石隧道潜盾开挖之颗粒力学数值模拟探讨

砾石材料组成与强度具高度异质性,受力常见分离破坏,重新堆栈后又可回复部分强度,以连体力学模式难以有效描述其行为。研究以颗粒学理论为基础发展的颗粒流数值软件PFC2D建立数值模型,透过仿真现地直剪试验结果,校正颗粒间之颗粒参数,并以颗粒参数转换试验克服尺寸效应对颗粒力学模式的影响,获得具代表性颗粒参数模拟现地开挖,探讨潜盾开挖引致砾石层之沉陷特性。研究结果显示利用颗粒力学数值模拟技术,能更有效模拟砾石层特殊地工特性的隧道行为。     

崩滑体破坏弹冲动力特性研究

三峡库水位变动诱发和加剧了崩滑地质灾害,崩滑体破坏弹冲动力特性亟待研究.针对滑塌式危岩,建立了力学模型,构建了危岩体失稳弹冲动能计算方法;通过数学与物理描述,得到了判别危岩动力失稳的重要指标;指出危岩体动力失稳瞬间系统的临滑聚能将释放并转换为危岩崩落动能,揭示了动力系统能量释放量与弹冲动力参数的关系.     

Geometric stress distribution along the weld toe of the outer brace in two-planar tubular DKT-joints: Parametric study and deriving the SCF design equations

Regarding the research efforts expended so far on the calculation of stress concentration factors (SCFs) in tubular joints, two major shortcomings can be noted: (a) significant effort has been devoted to the study of SCFs in various uni-planar connections. Nevertheless, for multi-planar joints which cover the majority of practical applications, very few investigations have been reported due to the complexity and high cost involved; (b) majority of these research works focused on the study of SCFs at certain positions such as the saddle, crown toe, and crown heel, and they have ignored the hot-spot stress (HSS) at other positions along the weld toe. In the present paper, effects of dimensionless geometrical parameters on the SCF distribution along the weld toe of main (outer) braces in the axially loaded right-angle two-planar tubular DKT-joints are investigated. In order to study the multi-planar effect, SCF distribution in two-planar joints is compared with the distribution in a uni-planar joint having the same geometrical properties. A complete set of SCF database is constructed based on the two-planar DKT-joint Finite element models which are verified against experimental results and the predictions of Lloyd’s Register (LR) equations. The FE models cover a wide range of geometrical parameters. Six new SCF parametric formulae are developed through nonlinear regression analyses for the accurate and reliable fatigue design of two-planar DKT-joints under axial loads. An assessment study of these equations is conducted against the experimental data, the original FEM database and the acceptance criteria recommended by the UK Department of Energy.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.