基于断裂力学的老龄化自升式平台可靠性分析

对服役的老龄平台进行可靠性评估是非常必要的．为了更好地判定平台结构的疲劳可靠性,依据断裂力学理论,采用一阶二次矩法计算了自升式平台结构的疲劳可靠性指标,提出了年剩余疲劳可靠性指标概念,并通过对某自升式平台结构的计算分析,指出了要延长该平台的结构使用寿命至30年,需在第15年和第26年对其进行2次维修和保护．这种分析方法为服役的老龄平台的维护服务提供了参考．     

金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸声学特性研究

为了获得连续水下爆炸声源,文章设计了金属导爆索网栅结构,并开展了水下爆炸压力测试和气泡脉动实验,研究了金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸的声压级特性,水下爆炸的声持续时间,对应的混响效应,利用Hilbert-Huang变换对水下爆炸信号的频谱特性进行了分析.研究结果表明:金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸可根据设计连续产生多个脉冲冲击波信号,形成近似平稳的连续波,随后产生的气泡脉动和混响效应能够明显提高水下爆炸声的持续时间;金属导爆索网栅结构具有很强的声功率,水下爆炸声压级最高能够达到249 dB,爆炸60 ms后金属导爆索的爆炸声压级仍在200 dB以上;金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸声频率范围广,在100 kHz以下低频段能量最高.金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸脉冲信号频率成分丰富,具有低频和瞬时的特点,且大部分集中在100 kHz以下,尤以50 kHz以下的最为明显;脉冲信号具有多个能量峰值,能量值较集中,波动能量基本上都集中在频率为100 kHz范围以内,尤以50 kHz以下的低频能量最大,高于100 kHz以上频段的能量的分量很小.脉冲冲击波的个数和声持续时间可由金属导爆索网栅的排列方式和长度控制,脉冲冲击波间的时间间隔可调,发生装置稳定易控.     

加肋凹型锥环柱破坏机理研究

采用Ansys有限元软件分析静水压力作用下加肋凹型锥环柱结合壳的受力特点;运用弧长法对其破坏过程进行仿真分析.通过分析锥、环、柱三部分各自位移最大点及环壳两端肋骨的载荷-应力和载荷-位移关系.对加肋凹型锥环柱结合壳的破坏模式和破坏机理进行研究,并对破坏过程中出现环壳中面应力在破坏前卸载和环壳两端肋骨的高应力的现象做出合理的解释.     

游艇码头结构撞击力计算方法

针对游艇码头结构柔性较大、不能按照普通高桩码头的计算方法分析其撞击力工况的问题,结合结构力学和能量守恒定律的相应理论,采用有限元计算方法,对游艇码头的撞击力工况提出一种考虑结构和护舷共同吸能的计算方法,结果显示较为合理。     

基于宏观断裂力学的CFRP薄壁结构耐撞性能研究及应用

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料（Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics，CFRP）薄壁圆管在准静态轴向压溃过程的压溃失效形式和吸能特性，提出一种基于宏观断裂力学理论基础的本构模型。通过对比试验和仿真结果，发现比吸能和平均力误差均小于1%，这验证了宏观断裂力学分析方法的合理性。为了进一步研究复合材料在汽车前纵梁吸能部件中的应用，从耐撞性能和轻量化角度出发，对比了CFRP前纵梁和钢质前纵梁的仿真结果。结果表明，在相同前纵梁结构件中，CFRP前纵梁的能量吸收能力要大于钢质前纵梁的能量吸收能力。     

Numerical simulation of piggyback pipelaying under current loadings

For piggyback pipelaying operations, current-induced force and its effect on the piggyback pipe have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, an improved method in hydrodynamic load calculation and structural modelling is proposed to simulate the pipelaying of a piggyback pipeline. In order to obtain the mean drag and lift force coefficients for the piggyback pipeline subjected to different inflow angles, two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed by modelling the piggyback pipeline as two cylinders attached to each other without gap. Then, the acquired force coefficients are used to calculate the hydrodynamic loads through a user-defined function in OrcaFlex based on a cross-flow principle approach. The interaction between the pipeline and the piggyback cable is modelled using two types contact elements which are ring penetrator and non-penetrating contact. The present proposed method is compared with other two widely used engineering methods based on (1) the equivalent diameter and (2) two separate cylinders without accounting for hydrodynamic interaction, in terms of the top tension, and the bending moments at Hang-off Clamps (HOC) and sagbend of the pipeline. The comparison shows that the two widely used engineering methods are not always conservative in force and response predictions. Hence, it is important to consider the hydrodynamic and structural interactions between the piggyback cable and the pipeline. With different current directions, the bending moments at the HOC predicted by the present method vary from 40% lower to 100% higher than those predicted by the two widely used engineering methods.