休闲渔船的技术指标研究

休闲渔船是新生事物,目前没有统一的法律及专业性规范加以约束管理。对休闲渔船的定义、现状、功能及主尺度进行了介绍与讨论,对其技术指标进行深入研究,供休闲渔船的设计、建造、管理者参考。     

遥控潜器工作母船动力定位系统

针对我国第一艘装备动力定位系统的遥控潜器工作母船,本文重点介绍了动力定位系统的运动控制数学模型,基本控制原理,系统组成,工作方式,综合显示与集中操纵设计思想,遥控潜器工作母船已完成航行试验,结果表明：在最大风速13米／秒时,动力定位系统控位均方差在5m之内。长期实际应用证明：系统运动可靠,人机界面形象直观,操纵灵活。     

上海集装箱运输的现状与发展思考

在调查上海集装箱港航企业基础上,分类地统计了有关上海集装箱运输的数据。基于对上海集运产业的认识,结合本次调查所掌握的实际情况,对上海集运产业的发展提出了若干建议。在软件建设方面,尽快形成综合开发队伍,提高管理系统软件的开发层次和开发速度;加快电子单证、电子签名等的技术研究与立法工作;开发更为完善的生产作业指挥系统。在企业发展战略方面,着重从稳定货源、加强合作、着力开拓三方面进行了论述。     

集装箱单一规格物体装箱的优化算法

目前,关于集装箱的各种装箱算法都是针对多种规格待装物体的,不适合单一规格物体的装箱优化计算.本文专门讨论单一规格物体装箱问题,给出优化算法.首先针对给定的待布空间,计算装箱后可能得到的物体组合在三个坐标方向的最优高度和层的分布,把三维布局变为二维布局问题;然后通过优化计算和镜向复制方法,使每一个可能存在的物体层都得到最优结果;最后,研究三个坐标方向的优化趋势,选定最优坐标方向的最优物体层装箱.如此循环,最后得出集装箱的优化装箱结果.计算表明,算法优化效果显著,过程简单.     

A comparison of different container sorting systems in modern rail-rail transshipment yards

Rail-rail transshipment yards act as central hub nodes within a railway network and enable a rapid consolidation of containers between different freight trains. To avoid an excessive movement of gantry cranes when transferring a container from one train to another, modern yards apply sorting systems where shuttle cars move containers horizontally along the spread of the yard. This paper compares four elementary sorting systems. Specifically, we compare rubber-tired and rail-mounted shuttles and differentiate whether a pure shuttle system or a lift & shuttle system is applied. In pure shuttle systems, a shuttle receives a container from a crane and transports it towards the destination crane, where it serves as a storage device until being unloaded. A lift & shuttle system applies shuttles with an integrated lifting platform, so that they are able to autonomously store and receive containers from a separate storage rack. Both alternatives exist in rubber-tired and rail-mounted versions. As the shuttles are the main driver of the investment costs, we compare the required fleet size for timely supplying given gantry crane schedules within all four systems. For this purpose, we derive suited scheduling procedures. This way, decision support for yard managers having to identify a suited sorting system and to layout a new terminal is provided.     

Estimation of directional wave spectra and hull structural responses based on measured hull data on 14,000 TEU large container ships

To ensure hull structural strength of container ships in association with their increase in size, it is very important to grasp the hull stress histories all over the hull structure in actual sea state. However, ordinary hull stress monitoring systems are insufficient for this purpose because of the small number of stress sensors actually practicable. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss an approach to reproduce the hull stress responses which are not measured based on the estimated wave spectrum from the limited measurement data. To achieve this, we introduce a new model to estimate directional wave spectra based on measured ship stress responses and ship response functions, and further we estimate other ship responses using the model. To model an arbitrarily shaped directional wave distribution, the 360° direction is discretized into 36 directions of 10-degree intervals instead of using a directional distribution function, and in each direction, the wave spectrum is represented using the Ochi (3P) spectrum with three parameters (average wave period, significant wave height, and kurtosis). The authors discuss the evaluation results based on two stress response combinations, and a comparison is made between the sea state estimates made by the proposed method and the ocean wave hindcast database (JWA). Furthermore, by comparing the significant values and the spectra of the measured response of the ship with the estimated response based on both the estimated sea state by the proposed method and the hindcast sea state, the accuracies of the proposed method and the hindcast method are discussed in terms of ship stress estimation at non-instrumented locations.     

Segment-based alteration for container liner shipping network design

Container liner shipping companies only partially alter their shipping networks to cope with the changing demand, rather than entirely redesign and change the network. In view of the practice, this paper proposes an optimal container liner shipping network alteration problem based on an interesting idea of segment, which is a sequence of legs from a head port to a tail port that are visited by the same type of ship more than once in the existing shipping network. In segment-based network alteration, the segments are intact and each port is visited by the same type of ship and from the same previous ports. As a result, the designed network needs minimum modification before implementation. A mixed-integer linear programming model with a polynomial number of variables is developed for the proposed segmented-based liner shipping network alternation problem. The developed model is applied to an Asia–Europe–Oceania liner shipping network with a total of 46 ports and 11 ship routes. Results demonstrate that the problem could be solved efficiently and the optimized network reduces the total cost of the initial network considerably.     

External costs from vessel emissions at port: a review of the methodological and empirical state of the art†

The accurate calculation of external costs from vessel emissions and shipping (as it happens with transport) strongly depends on parameters such as location, the time of the day and vessel operative. Thus, the use of a full bottom-up approach and granular traffic details is suggested. The latter may represent a substantial improvement in the resolution of shipping activity, energy demand, emissions and cost data being the latter essential for better regulations. The revised work identifies the Impact Pathway Approach (IPA) as the best-practice bottom-up methodology for calculating site-specific external costs derived from shipping air emissions. It has been widely adopted, among others, over major European studies (CAFE, BeTa, NEEDS and HEATCO). Also, it shows that due to costly and complex requirements of creating a shipping and harbour-specific bottom-up approach, external cost calculation based on tonne per euro factors obtained from European Studies (top-down approach) has been widely accepted. Moreover, methodological improvements and the possible achievement of refined estimations (IPA) dedicated to ports and shipping are strongly suggested, as these may improve information quality used for environmental policy and measures that contribute to the internalisation of externality costs.     

船舶燃油舱加热系统优化设计

针对由于传统蒸汽盘管加热燃油舱存在散热损失大、盘管破损修复困难且表面易积炭等缺点,设计一种燃油转驳加热系统,即通过被驳回的热油来混合加热油舱中适量的冷油,从而达到加热燃油的目的。计算结果表明使用燃油转驳加热系统可以降低能源消耗和节约成本。     

海事巡逻船艇的现代化管理模式研究

文中对海事船艇管理信息化建设进行论述,并提出了海事巡逻艇现代化管理模式的解决方案。