关于轴载谱实测及分析方法的探讨

通过轴载称重调查法在实际中的应用,并结合实测调查资料的分析研究成果,对轴载谱分析方法及等代轴载的计算分析进行探讨,可供工程技术人员参考借鉴。     

长距离盾构隧道相向施工测量方法优化

以狮子洋盾构隧道为例,探讨了在长距离水下盾构隧道施工中,采取从两端相向施工,地中对接方案时施工测量方法的优化.从施工测量项目统筹规划、贯通精度要求设置、地面控制测量方法、联系测量方法、地下测量方法和盾构导向测量方法等方面给出了优化方案,隧道的顺利贯通表明采用该测量方案可以满足长距离盾构隧道最终贯通精度的要求.     

沥青路面厂拌热再生设备分析

随着世界经济的不断发展,能源和环境问题日益突出,加强再生能源的利用是应对日益严重的能源空泛和环境恶化的必由之路,妥善处理能源和环境的关系,符合国家可持续发展的战略,废旧沥青混合料的再生利用有着重要的经济价值,能够保护自然环境和生态平衡,能够节省能源,降低工程造价,为路面材料开辟了新的料源。本文通过连续式沥青混凝土拌和设备和间歇式沥青混凝土拌和设备的在厂拌热再生技术中的应用,对比分析了其优缺点,对厂拌热再生技术及拌和设备的推广应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

Strategies to achieve deep reductions in metropolitan transportation GHG emissions: the case of Philadelphia

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates strategies that could achieve an 80% reduction in transportation emissions from current levels by 2050 in the City of Philadelphia. The baseline daily lifecycle emissions generated by road transportation in the Greater Philadelphia Region in 2012 were quantified using trip information from the 2012 Household Travel Survey (HTS). Emissions were projected to the year 2050 accounting for population growth and trends in vehicle technology for both the Greater Philadelphia Region and the City of Philadelphia. The impacts of vehicle technology and shifts in travel modes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2050 were quantified using a scenario approach. The analysis of 12 different scenarios suggests that 80% reduction in emissions is technically feasible through a combination of active transportation, cleaner fuels for public transit vehicles, and a significant market penetration of battery-electric vehicles. The additional electricity demand associated with greater use of electric vehicles could amount to 10.8 TWh/year. The use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) shows promising results due to high reductions in GHG emissions at a potentially manageable cost.     

非对称悬臂施工大跨度连续刚构桥设计研究

为降低边墩较高情况下的连续刚构桥边跨现浇段的施工难度,设计非对称悬臂施工方案以降低边跨现浇段的长度。分析非对称悬臂施工方案的孔跨布置及梁段划分,介绍该桥的预应力设计,建立考虑施工阶段的有限元模型,分析不对称悬臂施工阶段的梁体应力,并针对不对称悬臂施工梁段的预应力钢束进行不同锚固位置的对比分析,根据分析结果,选择合理的锚固位置。针对不对称悬臂施工对梁体累计位移的影响进行参数分析,根据分析结果,对施工过程中的线形控制重点提出建议。     

综合勘察与超前地质预报技术在兰渝铁路长寿山隧道中的应用研究

长寿山隧道为特长隧道,其工程规模大,埋深大,需勘察范围广,地形地质条件十分复杂,为了详细查清隧道的工程地质与水文地质条件,并及时对地质勘察资料进行补充和完善,指导并保证隧道施工的安全顺利进行,通过在勘察阶段采用遥感、大面积地质调绘、物探、钻探、综合试验、测试相结合的地质综合勘察技术,在施工阶段,采用地质编录、TSP、地质雷达、红外探测、超前水平钻探等相结合的综合地质超前预报技术,提高勘察效率及质量,补充地质资料、指导及保证安全施工,取得很好的效果。实践证明,山区长大、深埋、地形地质复杂隧道,在勘察及施工阶段分别采用综合勘察与地质超前预报技术,其方法是必要、合理、恰当的。     

Continuous approximation for skip-stop operation in rail transit

Operating speed of a transit corridor is a key characteristic and has many consequences on its performance. It is generally accepted that an increased operating speed for a given fleet leads to reduced operating costs (per kilometer), travel and waiting times (three changes that can be computed precisely), an improved comfort and level of service, which can attract new passengers who are diverted from automobile (items harder to estimate precisely). That is why several operation schemes which aim to increase the operating speed are studied in the literature, such as deadheading, express services, and stop skipping.A novel category of solutions to this problem for one-way single-track rail transit is to perform accelerated transit operations with fixed stopping schedules. The concept is quite simple: as the time required for stopping at each station is an important part of travel time, reducing it would be a great achievement. Particular operations that take advantage of this idea already exist. This paper focuses on one of them: the skip-stop operation for rail transit lines using a single one-way track. It consists in defining three types of stations: AB stations where all the trains stop, and A and B stations where only half of the trains stop (stations type A and B are allocated interchangeably). This mode of operation is already described in the literature (Vuchic, 1973, Vuchic, 1976, Vuchic, 2005) and has been successfully implemented in the Metro system of Santiago, Chile.This work tackles the problem with a continuous approximation approach. The problem is described with a set of geographically dependent continuous parameters like the density of stations for a given line. Cost functions are built for a traditional (all-stop) operation and for skip-stop operation as described above. A simple example is presented to support this discussion. Finally, a discussion about the type of scenarios in which skip-stop operations are more beneficial is presented.     

杭州市交通状况及车联网市场前景的调研与分析

作为物联网在交通领域的应用,车联网可有效缓解当前的城市交通问题.为更好地把握车联网的市场前景,2012年底在杭州市开展了一次大规模随机抽样调查活动,在汽车4S店、二手车市场、高校、政府机关和企业内随机发放问卷共800份.根据对问卷结果的统计分析,绝大部分驾驶员对杭城交通状况十分不满意,造成交通问题的主因是车辆增长过快,大多数驾驶员对车联网应用及相关产品十分感兴趣,并愿意为之支付一定费用.由此可以推断车联网市场前景非常广阔.     

石济客运专线预应力混凝土槽形梁设计研究

在铁路车站附近,为了减少两端线路路堤高度,降低工程投资,同时能够满足跨越的立交道路及河流防洪要求,可以采用建筑结构较低的下承式桥槽形梁结构形式。以新建石家庄至济南铁路客运专线工程跨越禹王路的工点槽形梁结构为背景,通过有限元软件进行结构分析计算和设计优化,介绍双线铁路槽形梁结构的设计研究分析以及对槽形梁的空间结构计算、空间动力特性及车线桥耦合动力分析,综合考虑槽形梁弯剪扭综合效应以及箱形边主梁截面的空间变形。目前槽形连续梁在高速铁路工程中的应用均较少,缺乏具体的经验和理论公式,解决此技术难题为类似桥梁设计工作提供重要参考。