载铁颗粒活性炭吸附除铬的热动力学研究

该文通过吸附动力学实验及等温吸附实验,考察了在10℃～40℃的温度条件下载铁颗粒活性炭(IOCGAC)吸附Cr(VI)的热动力学性质。结果表明:准二级反应动力学模型及Langmuir等温吸附模型可分别较好地描述IOCGAC对Cr(VI)的吸附动力学及吸附等温线实验结果(R2>0.99);吸附速率及吸附容量随温度的增加而增加。吸附速率k从0.00022增加到0.00033,吸附容量从18.48mg/g增加到23.20mg/g。根据标准吉布斯自由能变(ΔG0<0)和标准反应焓变(ΔH0>0)值判断,IOCGAC对Cr(VI)的吸附是自发的、吸热的化学吸附反应。     

Y112铝合金表面氧化膜抗氯离子腐蚀能力的研究

为研究缓蚀剂对Y112铝合金在高浓度氯离子条件下的缓蚀作用，将铝合金试样浸泡在含有不同缓蚀剂的25％的CaCl2溶液中进行了对比试验。结果表明，氯离子在铝合金表面氧化膜中的渗透需要一定时间，缓蚀剂浓度过高反而会加速铝合金的腐蚀。设法增加铝合金表面氧化膜的厚度，有利于提高部件的抗腐蚀能力。     

STUDY ON ION-POLYMER INTERACTION AND MORPHOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF POLYURETHANE/SALT SYSTEMS

IntroductionRecently,many chemical and physical scien-tists have focused their investigations on solidpolymer electrolytes(SPE) because of their poten-tial applications in high technology fields,includ-ing high energy- density batteries,electrochromicdevices,chemical sensors,smart windows and soon.It is well known that,many factors,such aschemical structure,salt concentration,tempera-ture,morphologic structure,etc.,would have ef-fect on ionic conductive properties of SPE[1,2 ] .Inorder to ob…     

血浆内皮素和一氧化氮与糖尿病性视网膜病变的关系

目的　观察糖尿病 (Diabetesmellitus,DM)及伴有视网膜病变患者血浆内皮素 (Endothe lin ,ET)和一氧化氮 (Nitricoxide,NO)水平 ,探讨其与糖尿病性视网膜疾病的关系。方法　用放射免疫法和酶法测定血浆ET、NO水平。结果　糖尿病患者血浆ET、NO水平高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。ET随DM的发生 ,视网膜病变的出现及加重渐次升高 ,与血糖、糖化血红蛋白、收缩压、舒张压呈正相关 ;NO随视网膜病变的出现及加重渐次下降 ,与病程呈负相关。结论　ET、NO参与糖尿病性视网膜病变的发生、发展 ,对判断病情、指导治疗、估计预后均有一定意义。     

铜锰型CO常温消除催化剂水汽中毒机制的研究

通过对一种典型的铜锰型催化剂———德国德尔格催化剂通水蒸气条件下失活规律的研究,以及XRD,XPS,TG-DTA,TEM等物理手段对催化剂失活前后结构特点的表征,我们发现,催化剂失活前后,其体相结构和微观形貌没有明显的改变,但失活催化剂表面上出现了明显的碳酸盐组分。作者认为,锰离子具有较多的d空轨道,在有水蒸气存在的条件下,可能成为水分子的强吸附中心。滞留于催化剂表面的水分子与CO2反应生成碳酸根,掩盖了活性位,导致催化剂失活。     

Phase transitions relating to the pozzolanic activity of electrolytic manganese residue during calcination

Electrolytic manganese residue（EMR） is generated from electrolytic manganese metal（EMM） industry, and its disposal is currently a serious problem in China.The EMR were calcined in the interval 100—900℃to enhance their pozzolanic activity and characterized by the differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（TGDTA）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,infra-red（IR） and chemical analysis techniques with the aim to correlate phase transitions and structural features with the pozzolanic activity of calcined EMR.Prom the phase analysis and compressive strength results,it is found that the EMR calcined within 700—800℃had the best pozzolanic activity due to the decomposition of poorly-crystallized CaSO₄ under the reducing ambient created by the decomposition of（NH₄）₂SO₄.The appearance of reactive CaO mainly contributes to the good pozzolanic activity of EMR calcined within 700—800℃.The crystallinity of Mn₃CO₄ increases leading an unfavourable effect on the pozzolanic behaviour of EMR calcined at 900℃.The developed pozzolanic material containing 30%（mass fraction） EMR possesses compressive strength properties at a level similar to 42.5^# normal Portland cement,in the range of 41.5—50.5 MPa.Besides,leaching results show that EMR blend cement pastes have excellent effect on the solidification of heavy metals.     

CO低温氧化霍加拉特催化剂的研究综述

CO低温氧化霍加拉特催化剂主要由铜锰混合氧化物组成。综述了制备前体、沉淀条件、老化时间、煅烧条件、杂质等对催化剂的影响,探讨了霍加拉特催化剂在价态、形态结构和反应方面低温氧化CO的机理以及引起催化剂失活的原因,展望了未来的发展方向。     

Seasonal study of dissolved CH4, CO2 and N2O in a shallow tidal system of the bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)

During 2004, 10 samplings were performed in order to measure dissolved methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the surface waters of Río San Pedro, a tidal creek in the salt marsh area of the Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain). The inner partvs of the creek is affected by the inputs coming from an intensive fish farm and the drainage of an extensive salt marsh area.Dissolved CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O concentrations ranged from 11 to 88 nM, 36 to 108 μM and 14 to 50 nM, respectively. Surface waters were in all cases oversaturated with respect to the atmosphere, reaching values of up to 5000% for CH₄, 1240% for CO₂ and 840% for N₂O. Dissolved CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O showed a significant tidal and seasonal variability. Over a tidal cycle, concentrations were always highest during low tide, which points to the influence of the inputs from the fish farm effluent and the drainage of the adjacent salt marsh area, as well as in situ production within the system. Dissolved CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O seasonal patterns were similar and showed maximum concentrations in summer conditions. Using four different parameterizations to calculate the gas transfer coefficients [Liss, P.S. and Merlivat, L., 1986. Air-sea exchange rates: introduction and synthesis. In P. Buat-Ménard (Ed.), The Role of Air-Sea Exchanges in Geochemical Cycling. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p. 113–127.; Clark, J.F., Schlosser, P., Simpson, H.J., Stute, M., Wanninkhof, R., and Ho, D.T., 1995. Relationship between gas transfer velocities and wind speeds in the tidal Hudson River determined by the dual tracer technique. In: B. Jähne and E. Monahan (Eds.), Air-Water Gas Transfer: AEON Verlag and Studio, Hanau, Germany, pp. 785–800.; Carini, S., Weston, N., Hopkinson, G., Tucker, J., Giblin, A. and Vallino, J., 1996. Gas exchanges rates in the Parker River estuary, Massachusetts. Biol. Bull., 191: 333–334.; Kremer, J.N., Reischauer, A. and D'Avanzo, C., 2003. Estuary-specific variation in the air-water gas exchange coefficient for oxygen. Estuaries, 26: 829–836.], the averaged air–water fluxes of CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O from the creek to the atmosphere ranged between 34 and 150 μmol CH₄ m^− 2 day^− 1, 73 and 177 mmol CO₂ m^− 2 day^− 1 and 24 and 62 μmol N₂O m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively.     

锰与工人生殖健康

职业人群调查发现，锰对男性生殖机能影响的主要表现为精液质量和睾酮水平降低，性机能障碍、妻子早期自然流产、死胎死产率及其子代出生缺陷发生率增高；女性生殖机能的影响则以月经紊乱、性机能障碍、自然流产、早产和子代出生缺陷发生率增高较明显。提示锰对工人具有明显的生殖毒作用。     

汽车尾气颗粒物的遗传毒性及其毒作用机理的研究

为了探讨汽车尾气颗粒物的遗传毒性及其毒作用机理，给小鼠腹腔注射柴油机尾气颗粒物有机提取物后，对其进行了骨髓微核实验及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平影响的研究。结果表明，染毒组小鼠微核阳性率与对照组相比明显升高，有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），且呈明显的剂量反应关系；染毒组小鼠ＳＯＤ活性下降及ＬＰＯ水平升高与对照组比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），且呈明显的剂量反应关