Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

基于船舶轴系扭振的船用主机气缸动力输出平衡性分析

基于船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性评价的基础理论,对某船开展实船轴系扭振测试,在对轴系扭振时域波形图和扭振数据进行分析和计算的基础上,得出该船主机气缸动力输出不平衡变化曲线及相关结论,为进一步应用船舶轴系扭振进行船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性研究提供参考。     

地铁车站结构随机振动响应分析

基于地震反应的随机非确定性,运用基于概率统计方法的随机振动理论进行结构抗震分析,考察结构的动力可靠度,是一种合理的设计方法。运用虚拟激励法对青岛地铁五四广场站进行随机振动分析,避免了传统方法计算的冗繁,得到了具有统计意义的结构动力响应。考虑x向功率谱输入时,弯矩分布较为均匀;地铁结构体型变化较大的部位剪力明显增大;柱底剪力较小,边跨柱剪力小于中跨柱底剪力。考虑y向功率谱函数输入时,沿梁轴向剪力值逐渐增大,柱底剪力明显大于x向输入时的柱底剪力,边跨柱柱底剪力大于中跨柱底剪力。所得结论为地铁站这一复杂结构形式进行基于可靠度理论的设计提供了依据,可以作为同类设计的参考指导。     

船体振动响应预报

利用有限元技术对船体总振动、上层建筑整体和各层甲板局部自由振动频率及上层建筑振动响应进行了预报。介绍了用于振动计算的单层甲板模型、尾部上层建筑模型、全船模型和简化全船模型及应用实例。研究了上层建筑和船体之间的耦合影响，并根据具体算例对各种模型化方法的效果进行了评价。     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究

国内对大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究较少，以某大跨径人行斜拉桥为例，采用强迫振动法和全桥连续行人流荷载模型，结合德国人行桥设计指南EN03(2007)，阐述了大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性的评价过程，并采取了在桥上安装调频质量阻尼器(TMD)系统的减振措施设计。结果表明，通过减振措施，该桥的人致振动舒适性评价从“差”提高到了“最佳”。     

机车活塞式空气压缩机管道振动分析

针对目前机车活塞式空气压缩机工作时管道振动大、噪声大的现象,通过计算管系的结构固有频率、气柱固有频率和压力脉动,分析了管道振动的原因,提出了综合使用缓冲器减振、孔板减振和支撑结构等措施。     

大窑湾二期工程采场周边环境及地质地形对爆破振速的影响

对爆破区域岩石生成历史进行了追溯；揭示爆破区域岩石的动态特性：并对各岩石合成振速及计算单位振速进行了分析，初步找出规律；得出大窑湾二期工程爆破区域周边环境对爆破振动速度的影响，对确定爆破振速的综合影响及制定该区域爆破振速控制技术措施提出展望。     

既有铁路桥墩健全度评估和试验方法研究

铁路桥梁检定部门主要依据《铁路桥梁检定规范》对铁路桥墩进行状态评估。由于桥墩在列车激励下的振幅随列车的种类、速度、轴重以及轨道不平顺状态的不同而变化,所以利用振幅指标难以定量判断桥墩的损伤。为此,通过理论分析、数值模拟计算、实验室试验和现场试验,对冲击振动试验法进行系统的研究,提出基于自振频率指标的桥墩健全度评估方法。主要研究内容如下。(1)从理论上给出推导冲击振动试验法的基本原理,编制冲击振动试验信号处理的计算机程序。(2)通过实验室试验和悬臂墩、简支梁、单墩桥梁体系、多墩多梁桥梁体系及空间桁梁模型等数…     

柴油机的半弹性安装及其在1 100 TEU集装箱船上的应用

本文介绍并分析柴油机半弹性安装的原理和在1100TEU集装箱船上的应用,并比较其与刚性安装和弹性安装的不同之处,可供选用参考。