水泥混凝土路面板下地基脱空状况的评定与分析

以重复荷载下的接缝工作特性为基础,通过对第一传荷状态临界荷载及其对应弯沉影响因素的分析,指出脱空对弯沉的影响是显著的,并提出以第一传荷状态临界荷载与对应弯沉为指标的脱空评定模型与评定方法,使评定工作在单板系统基础上进行,排除了接缝传荷状况不确定的影响。最后,给出脱空尺寸与弯沉典型回归关系式,从而能够利用FWD对水泥混凝土路面板下脱空进行快速评定。     

旧水泥混凝土路面FWD实测数据的分析

基于某国道的FWD实测数据,分析FWD参数与旧水泥混凝土路面状况(现场调查实录及测试数据)间的某些相关性,探索旧水泥混凝土板的接缝传荷能力、弯曲刚度、综合承载能力等定性或定量的判别方法,提出利用FWD加载中心弯沉值总水平评价旧水泥混凝土路面综合承载能力的设想。     

钢管活性粉末混凝土轴压短柱受力性能试验研究

进行22根钢管活性粉末混凝土(钢管RPC)轴压短柱试验,分析其荷载-变形曲线、破坏特征和影响极限承载力的主要因素。试验研究表明:钢管RPC轴压短柱的荷载-纵向应变曲线弹性阶段约为极限荷载的90％~95％;套箍系数ξ较小时,在达到极限荷载后承载力急剧下降;ξ较大时,在达到极限荷载后承载力下降平缓并呈回升趋势。ξ较小的试件多呈剪切破坏形态;ξ较大的试件所有断面上均被墩粗,试件的上、下两端明显局部鼓曲。构件承载力随RPC强度fc的提高而提高,两者基本成线性关系;套箍系数ξ越大,构件承载力也越大,但钢管对RPC的约束效果比对普通混凝土的差。提出的钢管RPC轴压短柱极限承载力的实用计算公式计算出的结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

A multi-spring model for monopile analysis in soft clays

The offshore wind industry in China has seen a rapid development in recent years and is projected to account for half of global yearly installed capacity in the years to come. Monopiles are a popular foundation solution for supporting offshore wind turbines. However, due to challenging seabed soil conditions, which often feature thick normally consolidated soft clays and harsh environmental loading (i.e. frequent occurrence of typhoons), extremely long monopiles are often designed. The large monopiles are costly to fabricate and install and sometimes kills the viability of the concept in cases where the bedrock is relatively shallow and expensive piling in rock is otherwise required. However, the state-of-practice for designing these monopiles in clays is typically by using the API p-y springs, which are widely known to underestimate soil-pile interaction stiffness and capacity for large diameter monopiles. Improvement to the design method can therefore have significant economic implications to the industry. The paper presents an effort toward this direction. A multi-spring beam-column model suitable for monopile design in soil conditions in China is proposed. The model features three soil spring components, namely the lateral p-y spring, the pile tip base shear s-y spring and rotational m-θ springs along the pile shaft. The validity of the model is verified by a comprehensive suite finite element parametric analyses. Guidance for incorporating the cyclic loading effect into design is also provided. The model proposed in this paper has large potentials for application in design practice.     

基于语义的可定制数据切分和动态加载方法

文章提供一种基于语义的可定制数据切分和动态加载方法，它能够对源数据库建立基于语义的元数据描述，根据不同用户的数据需求，依据数据的语义相关性，转化并归纳为通用的策略模版，基于策略进行数据的切割和数据的级联抽取。之后，采用容错式动态加载方法。这在一定程度上实现了异构数据库之间的批量数据迁移。     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: A minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration

Compared with most optimization methods for capacity evaluation, integrating capacity analysis with timetabling can reveal the types of train line plans and operating rules that have a positive influence on improving capacity utilization as well as yielding more accurate analyses. For most capacity analyses and cyclic timetabling methods, the cycle time is a constant (e.g., one or two hours). In this paper, we propose a minimum cycle time calculation (MCTC) model based on the periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) for a given train line plan, which is promising for macroscopic train timetabling and capacity analysis. In accordance with train operating rules, a non-collision constraint and a series of flexible overtaking constraints (FOCs) are constructed based on variations of the original binary variables in the PESP. Because of the complexity of the PESP, an iterative approximation (IA) method for integration with the CPLEX solver is proposed. Finally, two hypothetical cases are considered to analyze railway capacity, and several influencing factors are studied, including train regularity, train speed, line plan specifications (train stops), overtaking and train heterogeneity. The MCTC model and IA method are used to test a real-world case involving the timetable of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway in China.     

大极差情况下载荷试验承载力取值计算

对于载荷试验的大极差,各种规范没有给出统一的规定,试验数据的处理比较随便,造成不经济或不安全。当极差大于30%平均值或最大值与最小值之比大于1.3时,承载力取值可采用离群值剔除法、变异系数折减法确定。案例计算分析表明,给出的计算公式合理、计算简单方便,可用于各种载荷试验确定承载力。     

大圆筒防波堤水平和竖向荷载共同作用下承载力数值模拟

大圆筒防波堤服役过程中受到水平荷载和竖向荷载的复合作用,并且不同的大圆筒结构因为直径及入土深度的不同,对水平荷载和竖向荷载复合作用的承载力也不同。采用Swipe加载模式,基于位移加载控制模式数值模拟了不同入土深度与直径比的薄壁大圆筒结构的承载力。计算结果表明:随着入土深度的增加,水平方向承载力线性增大,竖向承载力先期增速较大,后趋于稳定;当入土深度较小时,大圆筒薄壁结构两侧地基出现塑性贯通区,当入土深度较大时,两侧的塑性贯通区变为一侧出现;地基破坏时的水平和竖向荷载共同作用下承载力包络线呈外凸的椭圆形,随着大圆筒结构入土深度的增加,椭圆的半径增大;归一化的极限承载力变化趋势相同,得到偏于安全的承载力破坏包络线方程。     

新型发电机组负载测试兼码头供电双向变频电源

随着舰船朝大型化、自动化方向发展,舰船的发电机组数量和容量也急剧增大。为保证船舶的安全运营,船级社规范要求对发电机组进行负载试验和并联运行试验。新型发电机组负载测试兼码头供电双向变频电源不仅可用于船舶的发电机组负载测试试验,同时还可实现电能的回收利用,作为变频电源向系泊试验船舶提供电能,减少对船厂周围环境造成的污染,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。