Planktonic community structure and carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea as a result of monsoonal forcing: the application of a generic model

The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO₂ predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO₂ outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior.     

“基德”级导弹驱逐舰作战能力分析

“基德”级导弹驱逐舰是美国建造的多用途导驱逐舰，具有较强的立体作战能力。本文对“基德”级驱逐舰的特点及其作战能力进行了分析，并指出了该级驱逐舰在近海反潜、抗饱和攻击，以及抗鱼雷攻击方面的缺陷。     

道路整体三维模型构建方法的研究

建立道路与地面的整体三维模型是实现道路三维可视化的关键。系统分析了现有的道路三维模型构建方法,针对其存在的不足,提出了一种将道路设计面模型与地形表面模型融为一体的整体模型构建方法,该方法基于在约束Delaunay三角网内插入点和约束边的理论,巧妙地解决了剔除落在道路设计面区域内的地形点的问题,实现了道路设计面与地形表面的整体建网。应用道路整体模型可以实现道路景观的三维漫游,评价三维立体线形以及与周围地形的配合情况。     

地铁直流牵引供电系统框架泄漏保护的优化设计

介绍了地铁直流牵引供电系统框架泄漏保护的优化设计方案.通过对牵引变电所整流器独立设置一套框架泄漏保护装置,可以缩小整流器故障时框架泄漏保护动作的影响范围,提高直流牵引供电系统运行的可靠性和灵活性.     

地铁车站单双层过河段沉降计算分析

探讨地铁车站单双层地铁站过河段沉降差,采用土的Coulomb-Mohr破坏与屈服准则建立模拟施工过程(包括土体自重变形、开挖、回填等)的三维有限元力学模型,得到施工过程引起的周围岩土应力变化、沉降变形以及地铁单双层过河段的沉降差值.单双层车站最大沉降控制在3 cm以内,最大沉降差控制在1 cm以内,能够满足设计要求.对二维计算结果进行校核,车站单双层的底板、顶板、侧板与中柱在施工过程中各个工况均满足设计要求.     

山区双车道公路路线设计车型分类标准

为研究建立公路路线设计标准车型,通过对西部山区双车道公路的实地交通调查,并结合我国在用车型统计,建立了各类营运车辆车型参数数据库;在详细统计分析现有车型的尺寸、载质量和功率质量比分布规律的基础上,以满足85%的车型外廓尺寸和载质量为标准,采用双因素聚类分析方法对各种车型的功率质量比进行聚类分层计算,根据外廓尺寸相近的原则进行归并后,提出了山区公路路线设计车型的小型车、大型车外廓尺寸分类标准。在此分类基础上,研究了用于公路纵断面设计的载重汽车动力性能标准,通过大量实地观测资料和统计分析,提出了载重汽车上坡动力性能曲线,建立了速度折减量与坡度、坡长之间的关系曲线,以速度折减量作为公路纵坡和坡长的设计关键指标。     

三维植被网护坡技术在哈同公路的应用

介绍了边坡生态防护技术和三维植被网护坡技术在哈同公路的应用。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

基于3D GIS的地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统

为了进一步提高地铁施工现场安全精细化智能管理水平,结合地铁施工现场实际,提出应当建设地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统。分析该系统功能需求,系统应实现人员、机械设备、环境、监测等信息的管理功能,以及不安全行为与状态评判、冲突风险分析、特殊天气风险分析、预测预警、隐患辨识与管理等功能。经分析,得出系统宜采用3D GIS技术和空间数据库技术。设计系统总体结构,探讨各项功能的实现方法,与现有可视化监控系统相比,其功能进一步拓展,更加智能化、集成化、可视化。     

毕威高速公路某边坡变形机制及数值模拟

以贵州毕威高速公路某边坡为例,通过对现有变形特征及路堑边坡开挖形成的临空条件分析,得到坡体的变形机制为:蠕滑-局部拉裂,并已进入匀速蠕滑阶段。运用ANSYS软件建模,运用FLAC3D数值软件计算其主剖面开挖边坡在暴雨工况下的应力-应变分布情况。结果表明:基覆界限附近已形成软弱带,部分土体发生剪切破坏;需尽快放坡并对边坡进行抗滑支挡及设置排水措施,否则软弱带会进一步发展成滑面,导致坡体失稳破坏。