分数阶系统极点分布与时间响应

与传统线性定常控制系统相比,分数阶线性定常系统极点分布与时间响应关系有所不同.本文通过分析多值函数特性在黎曼平面中的表达以及s-平面与w-平面的映射关系,给出了分数阶线性定常系统极点分布与时域响应的定性关系.对位于第二黎曼平面的极点更加远离s-平面的右半平面给出了形象化解释,并称其对应的时间响应为“超阻尼”响应.最后介绍了一种分数阶线性定常系统的稳定性判据.     

Simulation of the mean zero-up-crossing wave period using artificial neural networks trained with a simulated annealing algorithm

The aim of this work was to develop a predictive model to forecast the mean zero-up-crossing wave periods (T _z ) for 3-hourly sea states at a location in the Pacific using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Seven multilayer ANNs were trained with a simulated annealing algorithm. The output of each trained ANN was used to estimate each of the seven parameters of a new distribution called the hepta-parameter spline proposed for the conditional distribution of T _z , given some mean zero-up-crossing wave periods and significant wave heights. After estimating the parameters of the distribution, the model was used to simulate and predict future values of T _z . Forecasting a sea state and developing the joint distribution of sea state characteristics with the help of the simulated characteristics are also discussed in this article.     

地铁直流牵引供电系统中的di/dt和ΔI保护

通过广州地铁直流牵引系统非金属性短路故障保护的实现，分析了电流上升率di/dt和电流增量ΔI保护原理和动作过程，给出了保护整定原则以及广州地铁1500V直流断路器的整定参数。     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

城市地铁与轻轨车辆辅助系统综述

概述城轨交通车辆辅助系统的发展，介绍几种进口地铁与轻轨车辆静止辅助系统的基本结构，并且作出比较和评述，结合目前国内外情况，指出辅助系统的发展趋势。     

舰用异步电动中频机组运行特性分析

针对舰用中频变频机组进行了详细的理论分析,推导出了单机运行与工频供电系统、调速调压系统的内在联系,证明了中频机组并联运行时有功功率和无功功率的静态分配关系,并提出了中频机组稳定运行的控制规律与措施.     

基于Cruise的ISG混合动力中型卡车能量分配策略研究

文章对ISG混合动力中型卡车发动机、电池、电机的联合工作进行了分析,并基于Matlab/Simulink建立了整车能量分配控制策略,基于AVL/Cruise建立了整车被控对象模型,进行了联合虚拟仿真。对仿真结果,包括整车的经济性、排放、SOC等性能进行了分析和研究,说明采用ISG混合动力系统的中型卡车实现了节油,并且保证了电池SOC平衡,车辆动力性能够满足要求,控制策略是有效的。     

城市快速路辅路功能定位分析及设计标准

该文结合我国城市快速路发展实际,分析了城市快速路辅路在规划设计层面的一些基本问题,提出快速路辅路基本职能分三种:服务职能、集散职能、通道职能。辅路因设置目的不同及所承担的任务不同,可划分为不同的类型,即标准服务型、集散型、服务-集散型、综合通道型。每一种类型又都具有各自不同的交通功能及选型条件,以及相应的设计标准和建设规模。该文还结合典型的案例进行了说明。     

基于结点重要度理论的运输枢纽布局方法研究

在公路运输枢纽总体规划中,枢纽的选址是重要的一环,也是决定区域公路运输系统的重要因素。结点重要度分析是定量描述区域内各结点间的相对重要程度,从而为规划布局提供依据。将结点重要度理论引入公路运输枢纽布局,根据提出的相关指标应用结点重要度分析对枢纽布局备选点逐步筛选,最终确定最佳站址,从而指导运输枢纽的布局。所阐述的方法在部分公路运输枢纽总体规划中收到了良好的效果。     

点火线圈分配式电控点火系工作原理及故障诊断

介绍宝来轿车一个故障案例,阐述点火线圈分配式电控点火系的工作原理及故障诊断方法。