Comparison between a reanalyzed product by 3-dimensional variational assimilation technique and observations in the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea

Reanalyzed products from a MOM3-based East Sea Regional Ocean Model with a 3-dimentional variational data assimilation module (DA-ESROM), have been compared with the observed hydrographic and current datasets in the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea (EJS). Satellite-borne sea surface temperature and sea surface height data, and in-situ temperature profiles have been assimilated into the DA-ESROM. The performance of the DA-ESROM appears to be efficient enough to be used in an operational ocean forecast system.Comparing with the results from Mitchell et al. [Mitchell, D. A., Watts, D. R., Wimbush, M., Teague, W.J., Tracey, K. L., Book, J. W., Chang, K.-I., Suk, M.-S., Yoon, J.-H., 2005a. Upper circulation patterns in the Ulleung Basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 52, 1617-1638.], the DA-ESROM fairly well simulates the high variability of the Ulleung Warm Eddy and Dok Cold Eddy as well as the branching of the Tsushima Warm Current in the UB. The overall root-mean-square error between 100 m temperature field reproduced by the DA-ESROM and the observed 100-dbar temperature field is 2.1 °C, and the spatially averaged grid-to-grid correlation between the two temperature fields is high with a mean value of 0.79 for the inter-comparison period.The DA-ESROM reproduces the development of strong southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in summer consistent with the observational results, which is thought to be an improvement of the previous numerical models in the EJS. The reanalyzed products show that the NKCC is about 35 km wide, and flows southward along the Korean coast from spring to summer with maximum monthly mean volume transport of about 0.8 Sv in August–September.     

Marine Social Science for the Peopled Seas

Coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers rely on the ocean for livelihoods, for subsistence, for wellbeing and for cultural continuity. Thus, understanding the human dimensions of the world’s peopled seas and coasts is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making across marine policy realms, including marine conservation, marine spatial planning, fisheries management, the blue economy and climate adaptation. This perspective article contends that the marine social sciences must inform the pursuit of sustainable oceans. To this end, the article introduces this burgeoning field and briefly reviews the insights that social science can offer to guide ocean and coastal policy and management. The upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a tremendous opportunity to build on the current interest, need for and momentum in the marine social sciences. We will be missing the boat if the marine social sciences do not form an integral and substantial part of the mandate and investments of this global ocean science for sustainability initiative.     

长周期波作用下斜坡式防波堤稳定性及施工分析

通过对印度尼西亚adipala斜坡式防波堤波浪断面物理模型试验进行研究,结合长周期波、大波高作用下波浪水流对施工期防波堤冲刷袭击所出现的不同破坏特性,分析长周期波浪波高、波向与不同平面位置防波堤断面间的相互作用,探讨印度洋长周期波浪作用下防波堤施工期稳定性,以寻求此环境条件下的防波堤有效施工模式,以作同类工程借鉴。     

“海洋石油201”DP-3系统的应用分析

分析DP3系统在"海洋石油201"船上的应用,通过对舱室布置以及动力定位相关的系统——推进系统、动力系统、控制系统以及位置参考和环境测量系统的冗余度分析,验证了该船的设计符合DP3的要求,并总结了该船设备布置、管路布置、电缆走向以及舱室分隔等方面的设计特点以及设计DP3系统时的注意事项。     

国际航运电子市场分析

从介绍近年来电子商务革命对航运业发展的深刻影响入手，阐述了国际航运电子市场的优点、发展演化。根据市场规模和交易频率、市场套利能力和市场信息不均衡性等3个重要因素，分析了国际航运电子市场的定价形态，并进一步分析了相应的定价政策。从而为航运交易的各方进入国际航运电子市场，实现其盈利目标提供了有益的参考。     

海运安全评价数据收集的新思路

分析了事故统计数据以及传统的以收集事故数据为主的安全数据统计模式的缺陷，提出以收集系统安全影响因素数据为主的安全评价非事故数据统计模式，介绍了该模式思路下建立的海运安全数据库，为提高海运安全评价数据的数量和质量提供理论和实践指导。     

The costs and benefits of a nitrogen emission control area in the Baltic and North Seas

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic justification of implementing a Nitrogen Emission Control Area (NECA), starting 2021, for ships in the Baltic Sea and/or the North Sea and English Channel. We analyse the potential for emission reduction, emission control costs, and monetised benefits following the introduction of a NECA. Costs and benefits are compared for 2030. We compile new data on emission control costs for shipping, use the GAINS model for calculations of emission dispersion, and the Alpha-RiskPoll model for estimating monetary values of health impacts. The model results show that costs to conform to the NO_X regulations of a NECA in the Baltic Sea, North Sea or both sea regions would be 111 (100–123), 181 (157–209), and 230 (195–273) million € per year, respectively. Corresponding benefits from reduced emissions are estimated to be 139 (56–294), 869 (335–1882), and 1007 (392–2177) million € per year, respectively. Calculated benefits surpass costs for most scenarios, but less convincingly for a Baltic Sea NECA. Conforming to the NECA regulations by using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion engines is estimated to give the highest net benefits but also the largest variation (costs: 153 (88–238), benefits: 1556 (49–3795) million €/year). The variations are mainly due to uncertainties in the valuation of avoided fatalities and climate impacts. It is concluded that the NECAs for the Baltic and North Seas can be justified using CBA under all but extreme assumptions.     

镇扬河段三期综合整治工程对河段水质的影响分析

结合镇扬河段三期综合整治工程特点,着重从工程对水质影响的总趋势和工程施工期对水质的影响两个方面分析工程过程对水质的影响,得出该工程对水质的主要不利影响在于实施水下抛石过程中在短期内引起的水体感官性状的下降,但其固定河槽、改变水文情势在一定程度上有利于对悬浮物的稀释自净,因而对水质的不利影响较小。     

Social Acceptability of Aquaculture Development in Coastal Areas: The Case of Two Greek Islands

This article examines the acceptance of aquaculture development by residents and visitors of two islands, Cephallonia and Ithaki, in the Ionian Sea, in western Greece. Aquaculture farms have been established recently in both islands, and processing and packaging units in Cephallonia, generating jobs for the local communities and land rents for the villages in the coastal areas near the fish cages. However, the farms and processing and packaging units entail certain negative impacts on the environment. This study reveals that aquaculture farms have found better acceptance in Ithaki, where aqua culture is a form of development suited to this remote, small, predominantly rural island. The degree of acceptability is higher for locals than for tourists, but also for islanders who do not live in the areas where the processing units are situated. Respondents who consider the pollution of the marine environment by the farms to be high, mostly locals and residents of the villages in the vicinity of the aquaculture infrastructure or the main cities in the islands, are more likely to express a negative attitude toward aquaculture and its further development.     

振冲技术在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验与应用

洋山一期陆域工程深厚吹填砂区为粉细砂陆域,一般工程性质较差,必须采用适当的加固措施进行处理。介绍了对几种地基处理方案的比选,提出采用振冲法。较详细阐述了振冲法在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验和应用,并通过表层沉降观测数据表明,效果很好。最后得出洋山港大面积深厚粉细砂无填料振冲法地基处理成功的结论,可为同类工程借鉴。