Global Fish Trade,Prices, and Food Security in an African Coral Reef Fishery

This study evaluated the potential impact of global fish trade on local food prices by analyzing a 16-year locally collected time series of disaggregated coral reef fish products and prices that differed in their market chain linkages—ranging from local to international markets. We were primarily interested in evaluating how local and global markets interacted with the local prices of beef, fish, and maize. There was no cointegration between the prices of exported octopus and that of maize and beef over this study period. Further, the three types of fish and associated markets responded in different ways to various price changes. For internationally traded octopus, we found a positive association between price and catch rates but no evidence that the global trade in octopus markets created local inflation, particularly the prices of the fish eaten by the poor. In general, there was no evidence for price transmission from export to nonexport fish products even though fishers appeared to focus on octopus when prices were high. Consequently, fishers' behaviors and trade policies that promote adjusting fishing effort to internationally traded fish did not appear to promote poverty or food insecurity in this fishery.     

长洲枢纽船闸滞航原因分析及解决方案探讨

文章分析了西江下游长洲枢纽船闸附近江面大量船舶滞航的根本原因,结合国内外船闸管理机构的先进经验,提出了解决长洲枢纽船闸滞航问题的方案以及优化船闸管理与维护的方法。     

探秘郑和下西洋出发地选择

长江口海运历史绵远,优势独具,这才成为下西洋船队的航海出发地。夏原吉治水,制淞通娄,娄江口水势骤增,造就了刘家港,而郑和下西洋远航从这里始发也取得了丰厚的收获。     

海洋工程基础打桩船的技术现状与发展动态

从海洋工程基础打桩工艺、打桩船类型和关键技术等方面着手,阐述了打桩船的技术现状及发展趋势.研究发现,随着向海经济日趋繁荣,为满足超大桩径、桩深、集桩/补桩等打桩作业的需求,稳定性高、定位精度高以及环境友好型的超大专用打桩船将得到快速发展.     

北京市政交通一卡通异形卡营销策略分析

自2007年6月北京市政一卡通有限公司推出异形卡至今，异形卡的销售取得了一定的成绩，获得了部分市场认可，但经过三年的发展，异形卡仍然存在知名度不高、认可度不够、销售不能达到市场预期的一系列问题。本文分析了一卡通异形卡的销售所存在的问题，并最终提出可行性的营销方案。     

忠诚爱国的著名造船实业家杨俊生

杨俊生（1890～1982年），是我国造船工业著名的实业家，大中华造船厂的创始人，并长期担任该厂厂长。他忠诚爱国，一生为创建和发展我国的造船事业呕心沥血。他设计建造了大批内河及沿海船舶，教书育人培养了许多造船人才，为我国发展造船作出了杰出贡献。他当选为第一、二、三届全国人大代表。1978年被选为全国政协委员。本文简要回顾了杨俊生的崇高理想和主要业绩。     

激烈竞争市场条件下航运企业客户价值分析

在CRM理论为基础的条件下,结合目前市场的航运市场的特点,分析了航运企业客户价值的评价,其中包括针对航运企业自身特点所建立的客户价值指标体系以及对这些指标的赋值计算,仅供参考。     

The trophic role of the tunicate Salpa thompsoni in the Antarctic marine ecosystem

During a repeat grid survey and drogue study carried out in austral summer 1994/95, the abundance and feeding activity of salps were estimated in the Lazarev Sea region from net tows and in situ measurements of gut fluorescence. Throughout the survey area, Salpa thompsoni accounted for >95% of the total salp stock while Ihlea racovitzai was consistently represented in very low abundances. Maximum densities of S. thompsoni, with ≈4000 ind. 1000 m⁻³, were recorded in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) in December when chlorophyll-a concentrations were well below 1 mg m⁻³. A dramatic decrease in salp stock was observed at the beginning of January, when S. thompsoni virtually disappeared from the most productive area of the MIZ where chlorophyll-a concentrations had by then reached bloom levels of 1.5–3 mg (Chl-a) m⁻³. In situ grazing measurements showed that throughout the cruise S. thompsoni exhibited the highest ingestion rates per individual of any of the most abundant components of the grazing pelagic community, with maxima of ≈160 μg (pigm) ind. ⁻¹ d⁻¹. These feeding rates are 3 to 5 times higher than those previously obtained using in vitro incubations. The total daily consumption of the population of S. thompsoni varied from 0.3 to 108% of daily primary production. We suggest that competitive removal of food by S. thompsoni, rather than direct predation, is responsible for the low krill abundances generally associated with salp swarms.     

Life cycle strategies of epipelagic copepods in the Southern Ocean

Twelve epipelagic copepod species were reviewed to compare their adaptations to the short primary production season and low temperatures which characterise the Southern Ocean. The species show a spectrum of adaptations, but three broad life cycle strategies were defined: (1) herbivorous in summer, a short reproductive period and winter diapause at depth (Calanoides acutus and possibly Ctenocalanus citer); (2) predominantly omnivorous/detritivorous diet, an extended period of feeding, growth and reproduction and less reliance on diapause at depth (Metridia gerlachei, Calanus propinquus, Calanus simillimus, Oithona similis, Microcalanus pygmaeus, and possibly Oncaea curvata and Oithona frigida); (3) overwintering and feeding within sea ice as early nauplii or copepodids (Stephos longipes and Paralabidocera antarctica). The large species Rhincalanus gigas appears to be intermediate between strategies (1) and (2). Contrasting species from groups (1) and (2), namely C. acutus and O. similis, were selected for more detailed comparison. For C. acutus, maximum (probably food saturated) feeding and egg production rates are well below equivalent values for Calanus spp. at lower latitudes. Likewise, summer growth and moulting rates are slower, and the growth season of this herbivore is only 2–4 months. Therefore, both the low summer temperatures and short primary production season seem to dictate a long (1 year) life cycle for C. acutus. A collation of data on O. similis revealed that its abundance increases about tenfold from the Antarctic shelf northwards to the Polar Frontal Zone, where abundances are similar to those in temperate and tropical shelf seas. In contrast to C. acutus, O. similis appears to remain in the epipelagic and reproduce there year-round, although the food sources which sustain this are still uncertain.     

CO2 ocean sequestration by moving ships

Ocean sequestration of the CO₂ captured from fossil-fuel burning is a possible option to mitigate the increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. It can isolate huge amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere for a long time at relatively low cost, if it is acceptable from the viewpoint of the environmental impact on the ocean. The concept of CO₂ dispersion in the ocean depths by ships is a promising method for efficient dilution. That is, liquefied CO₂ is delivered to the site and injected into the ocean at depths of 1000–2500 m with a suspended pipe towed by a slowly moving ship. In addition to the horizontal movement of the release point, the vertical journey of CO₂ droplets until they disappear by dissolution is effective for the dilution of CO₂ in seawater. In this paper, the possibility of the generation of relatively large-sized droplets from a moving nozzle is investigated experimentally. In addition, the terminal velocity of CO₂ droplets in deep-sea circumstances is measured in a large high-pressure tank to investigate the influence of the hydrate film formed on the surface of the droplet. Finally, it is shown by simulation that an initial dilution ratio of one to some ten thousandths is possible on a realistic engineering scale in the moving ship type of CO₂ ocean sequestration. Received: August 7, 2001 / Accepted: September 13, 2001