Life cycle strategies of epipelagic copepods in the Southern Ocean

Twelve epipelagic copepod species were reviewed to compare their adaptations to the short primary production season and low temperatures which characterise the Southern Ocean. The species show a spectrum of adaptations, but three broad life cycle strategies were defined: (1) herbivorous in summer, a short reproductive period and winter diapause at depth (Calanoides acutus and possibly Ctenocalanus citer); (2) predominantly omnivorous/detritivorous diet, an extended period of feeding, growth and reproduction and less reliance on diapause at depth (Metridia gerlachei, Calanus propinquus, Calanus simillimus, Oithona similis, Microcalanus pygmaeus, and possibly Oncaea curvata and Oithona frigida); (3) overwintering and feeding within sea ice as early nauplii or copepodids (Stephos longipes and Paralabidocera antarctica). The large species Rhincalanus gigas appears to be intermediate between strategies (1) and (2). Contrasting species from groups (1) and (2), namely C. acutus and O. similis, were selected for more detailed comparison. For C. acutus, maximum (probably food saturated) feeding and egg production rates are well below equivalent values for Calanus spp. at lower latitudes. Likewise, summer growth and moulting rates are slower, and the growth season of this herbivore is only 2–4 months. Therefore, both the low summer temperatures and short primary production season seem to dictate a long (1 year) life cycle for C. acutus. A collation of data on O. similis revealed that its abundance increases about tenfold from the Antarctic shelf northwards to the Polar Frontal Zone, where abundances are similar to those in temperate and tropical shelf seas. In contrast to C. acutus, O. similis appears to remain in the epipelagic and reproduce there year-round, although the food sources which sustain this are still uncertain.     

海洋工程基础打桩船的技术现状与发展动态

从海洋工程基础打桩工艺、打桩船类型和关键技术等方面着手,阐述了打桩船的技术现状及发展趋势.研究发现,随着向海经济日趋繁荣,为满足超大桩径、桩深、集桩/补桩等打桩作业的需求,稳定性高、定位精度高以及环境友好型的超大专用打桩船将得到快速发展.     

上海国际航运中心洋山深水港区一期工程陆域形成工程质量控制

介绍上海国际航运中心洋山深水港区一期陆域形成抛、吹填砂、回填开山石工程施工和监理所采取的有效质量控制措施和最终钻孔结果及工程质量验收情况,总结洋山深水港一期陆域形成工程的经验和教训,为洋山港后续陆域形成工程提供宝贵的经验。     

作业成本法在远洋集装箱运输企业的应用探讨

论文根据作业成本法的特点,对其在远洋集装箱运输企业应用的适用性作出探讨,并列出了远洋集装箱运输企业作业成本的计算过程。     

船舶安全大检查中发现的问题与对策

通过对船舶安全大检查中发现的问题的叙述，提出杜绝船舶安全隐患的对策。     

Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation

The new operational prototype of Mercator (french Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment contribution) is composed of a North Atlantic primitive equation ocean model OPA (Ocean Parallel Algorithm between 20°S and 70°N, [Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard and C. Lévy (1998). OPA8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manuel. Notes du pôle de modélisation IPSL. n°11: 91p]) and of a multivariate and multidata assimilation scheme [De Mey, P. and M. Benkiran (2002). “A multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolation method and its application in Mediterranean basin-scale circulation.” Ocean Forecasting : Conceptual basis and application, Pinardi, N., Springer Verlag.] This system has already given some significant improvements from previous Mercator configurations (M. Benkiran, personal communication). However some biases on ocean state still remain in the tropics where the reduced-order optimal interpolation scheme is suspected to be ill-parameted in the model forecast error. Indeed the guess error covariance matrix is decomposed into an error variance value and a spatio-temporal correlation function which are assumed to have some “good” properties (spatial homogeneity of the correlation function, constant ratio between signal and error variance). This study shows how we can use ensemble methods to validate these assumptions. We can see that the correlation function can reach negative values locally, mostly in regions of high variability contradictory with the homogeneous hypothesis. The reduced space used in the operational configuration is based on the signal seasonal Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). An empirical relationship between signal and error variance has been set and the correlation function is the same on every dimension of the reduced space. By projection of the estimated guess error variance onto the reduced space, we find a repartition of this quantity quite different to what was set in the system. The error statistics is found to be inhomogeneous compared to hypothesis made in the assimilation scheme. These two new parameters tested separately in the assimilation scheme gives significant improvements of the forecast and analysis results. This is particularly obvious in the tropics. But relationship between signal and error statistics (as assumed in the optimal interpolation) is found to be complex.     

Glacial–interglacial changes in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in Southern Indian Ocean sediments

In this study we compare major biogenic components (opal-A, carbonate, and organic carbon) and authigenic uranium accumulation rates from the southeastern Indian Ocean for both Holocene and glacial periods. Integrated accumulation rates across the whole Indian sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that the burial of organic carbon which is held approximately constant, contrasts with lower biogenic silica and carbonate burial rates during glacial intervals. In addition, higher glacial accumulation rates of authigenic uranium are found in the sediments of the Polar Front Zone (PFZ) and the Sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ) than anywhere in the modern Southern Ocean. This suggests more reducing conditions in the PFZ and SAZ during the last glacial maximum. The simplest explanation of a northward shift of the PFZ cannot explain such changes. Glacial sediment burial changes result probably from deep water decrease in oxygen levels and increase in CO₂ due to combination of two processes: (1) hydrologic changes and (2) continuous organic carbon export fluxes to the seafloor. Such shifts in chemical conditions could have enhanced the dissolution of carbonates and better preserved the organic carbon in sediments, leading in significant changes of biogenic silica/C_org and CaCO₃/C_org flux ratios.     

一种基于DSP的宽范围高精度实时数据采集系统的设计

在船用挠性捷联航姿基准系统中，如何保证大动态范围条件下的动调陀螺仪数字量化线路的准确性和实时性是其关键。本文详细介绍了一种基于TMS320VC5409DSP的大动态范围高精度数据采集系统，其动态范围优于140dB，其测量精度满足了航姿基准系统的数据采集要求。     

南通航院在促进地方造船业发展中作用浅探

文章通过对南通市船舶工业的发展状况以及南通航运职业技术学院办学特点的分析,从人才培养模式、科研团队建设、科技创新等方面提出了南通航院在促进地方造船业发展中应发挥的作用．     

基于包豪斯教育体系的传承——南通航运职业技术学院艺术设计教育的现状与发展浅探

包豪斯作为一种设计体系在当年风靡整个世界,在当代设计领域中它的思想和美学趣味依然对设计教育的方向和选择具有极为深远的影响。文章通过对德国＂包豪斯＂学校创建现代设计教育过程的回顾,阐述了包豪斯创建的现代艺术设计教育体系的价值及其所倡导的现代设计革命对南通航运职业技术学院艺术设计教育的影响。