上海国际航运中心洋山深水港区一期工程陆域形成工程质量控制

介绍上海国际航运中心洋山深水港区一期陆域形成抛、吹填砂、回填开山石工程施工和监理所采取的有效质量控制措施和最终钻孔结果及工程质量验收情况,总结洋山深水港一期陆域形成工程的经验和教训,为洋山港后续陆域形成工程提供宝贵的经验。     

美国海军海洋环境信息应用系统综述

就海上作战战法而言，掌握海洋环境参数及其变化与掌握敌情态势同等重要，海洋环境要素是在作战准备和临战对抗行动中取得主动权所不可或缺的条件。因此，使各级海上指战员了解并利用环境因素以取得军事优势，是现代高技术条件下作战的一个主要方面。美国海军非常重视环境信息技术，从环境信息数据库系统、决策综合信息支持系统及信息获取、提供、处理到水面水下不同应用特色等方面介绍了几个成熟的系统，希望为我国海军的信息化技术发展提供参考。     

中国远洋船员总体心理健康状况的研究

中国远洋船员总体心理健康状况较普通人群要差,心理症状阳性检出率远高于普通人群,总体心理健康状况不容乐观。导致目前我国远洋船员心理健康水平较低的主要原因有:工作上的压力;海上特殊风险产生的不安全感;单调、寂寞的船员生活及相对艰苦的工作环境;信息闭塞与社会支持匮乏;人际交往的局限性以及人际关系的不协调;事故后心理得不到及时有效的调适;性需求得不到满足;生物钟节律经常被破坏,等。     

Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation

The new operational prototype of Mercator (french Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment contribution) is composed of a North Atlantic primitive equation ocean model OPA (Ocean Parallel Algorithm between 20°S and 70°N, [Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard and C. Lévy (1998). OPA8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manuel. Notes du pôle de modélisation IPSL. n°11: 91p]) and of a multivariate and multidata assimilation scheme [De Mey, P. and M. Benkiran (2002). “A multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolation method and its application in Mediterranean basin-scale circulation.” Ocean Forecasting : Conceptual basis and application, Pinardi, N., Springer Verlag.] This system has already given some significant improvements from previous Mercator configurations (M. Benkiran, personal communication). However some biases on ocean state still remain in the tropics where the reduced-order optimal interpolation scheme is suspected to be ill-parameted in the model forecast error. Indeed the guess error covariance matrix is decomposed into an error variance value and a spatio-temporal correlation function which are assumed to have some “good” properties (spatial homogeneity of the correlation function, constant ratio between signal and error variance). This study shows how we can use ensemble methods to validate these assumptions. We can see that the correlation function can reach negative values locally, mostly in regions of high variability contradictory with the homogeneous hypothesis. The reduced space used in the operational configuration is based on the signal seasonal Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). An empirical relationship between signal and error variance has been set and the correlation function is the same on every dimension of the reduced space. By projection of the estimated guess error variance onto the reduced space, we find a repartition of this quantity quite different to what was set in the system. The error statistics is found to be inhomogeneous compared to hypothesis made in the assimilation scheme. These two new parameters tested separately in the assimilation scheme gives significant improvements of the forecast and analysis results. This is particularly obvious in the tropics. But relationship between signal and error statistics (as assumed in the optimal interpolation) is found to be complex.     

忠诚爱国的著名造船实业家杨俊生

杨俊生（1890～1982年）,是我国造船工业著名的实业家,大中华造船厂的创始人,并长期担任该厂厂长。他忠诚爱国,一生为创建和发展我国的造船事业呕心沥血。他设计建造了大批内河及沿海船舶,教书育人培养了许多造船人才,为我国发展造船作出了杰出贡献。他当选为第一、二、三届全国人大代表。1978年被选为全国政协委员。本文简要回顾了杨俊生的崇高理想和主要业绩。     

Variations of the abundance and nucleic acid content of heterotrophic bacteria in Beaufort Shelf waters during winter and spring

Depth profiles of heterotrophic bacteria abundance were measured weekly over a 6-month period from December to May in Franklin Bay, a 230 m-deep coastal Arctic Ocean site of the southeastern Beaufort Sea. Total bacteria, low nucleic acid (LNA) and high nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria abundances were measured using flow cytometry after SYBR Green I staining. The HNA bacteria abundance in surface waters started to increase 5–6 weeks after phytoplankton growth resumed in spring, increasing from 1 × 10⁵ to 3 × 10⁵ cells mL^− 1 over an 8-week period, with a net growth rate of 0.018 d^− 1. LNA bacteria response was delayed by more than two months relative to the beginning of the phytoplankton biomass accumulation and had a lower net growth rate of 0.013 d^− 1. The marked increase in bacterial abundance occurred before any significant increase in organic matter input from river discharge (as indicated by the unchanged surface water salinity and DOC concentrations), and in the absence of water temperature increase. The abundance of bacteria below the halocline was relatively high until January (up to 5 × 10⁵ cells mL^− 1) but then decreased to values close to 2 × 10⁵ cells mL^− 1. The three-fold bacterial abundance increase observed in surface waters in spring was mostly due to HNA bacteria, supporting the idea that these cells are the most active.     

Influence of the heavy fuel spill from the Prestige tanker wreckage in the overlying seawater column levels of copper, nickel and vanadium (NE Atlantic ocean)

The water column above the Prestige wreckage was sampled during two consecutive campaigns: Prestinaut (December 2002) two weeks after the tanker sunk and HidroPrestige0303 (March 2003) one month after the sealing of the main fuel leaks. Samples of the original cargo fuel and the emulsified fuel in the surface of the ocean were also collected. Analysis of the fuel indicated the release of 135 kg of Cu, 1700 kg of Ni and 5300 kg of V from the original fuel to the water column, remaining 35 kg of Cu, 3100 kg of Ni and 13,800 kg of V in the emulsified fuel. The metal partitioning between the water column and the emulsioned floating fuel, Cu > Ni ~ V, are in accordance with the stability index for the metal–nitrogen bond in metalloporphyrins. This release had an impact on dissolved trace metal concentrations in the water column. An increase on dissolved copper (2.8–4.7 nM) and nickel (2.2–8.0 nM) with respect to natural values (1–3 nM for Cu and 1.6–5 nM for Ni) was observed. Values for vanadium (28–35 nM) were in the range of pristine North Atlantic waters (30–36 nM). This contamination was especially observed in the upper water column (0–50 m), associated with the mixing of seawater with the fuel moving upwards, and in deep waters, where the residence time of fuel is higher. Future research in this field should focus on the environmental variables and the processes that control the release of contaminants from fuels for a better assessment of the contamination in oil-spill events.     

Glacial–interglacial changes in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in Southern Indian Ocean sediments

In this study we compare major biogenic components (opal-A, carbonate, and organic carbon) and authigenic uranium accumulation rates from the southeastern Indian Ocean for both Holocene and glacial periods. Integrated accumulation rates across the whole Indian sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that the burial of organic carbon which is held approximately constant, contrasts with lower biogenic silica and carbonate burial rates during glacial intervals. In addition, higher glacial accumulation rates of authigenic uranium are found in the sediments of the Polar Front Zone (PFZ) and the Sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ) than anywhere in the modern Southern Ocean. This suggests more reducing conditions in the PFZ and SAZ during the last glacial maximum. The simplest explanation of a northward shift of the PFZ cannot explain such changes. Glacial sediment burial changes result probably from deep water decrease in oxygen levels and increase in CO₂ due to combination of two processes: (1) hydrologic changes and (2) continuous organic carbon export fluxes to the seafloor. Such shifts in chemical conditions could have enhanced the dissolution of carbonates and better preserved the organic carbon in sediments, leading in significant changes of biogenic silica/C_org and CaCO₃/C_org flux ratios.     

MATLAB有限元方法在船舶推进轴系校中计算中的应用

船舶推进轴系安装是船舶建造中重要的一个环节,船舶轴系合理校中计算对保证轴系长期可靠运转极为重要。本文介绍了船舶轴系校中计算中常用的有限元法。依据该方法用MATLAB有限元的方法编制轴系校中计算程序,通过该程序可以计算出船舶在下水、满载或半载情况下,由于船体变形而导致轴系参数的变化。     

大黄蟅虫丸对血淤证动物微循环的影响

在血淤证动物上研究了大黄　虫丸对其微循环的影响。结果发现，大黄　虫丸可明显减少白血细胞聚集和附壁，增加毛细血管口径及其开放数，并使毛细血管血液流态、流速改善；同时使血淤症动物全血及血浆比粘降低；腹主动脉壁伊文斯蓝含量减少。并且增加了正常小鼠和垂体后叶素诱发的心肌缺血小鼠的心肌营养血流量。说明大黄　虫丸有明显的改善微循环、降低血管壁通透性和抗心肌缺血作用，具有重要的临床意义。