数据挖掘在铁路电子商务中的应用

电子商务是铁路信息化的重要组成部分,通过分析铁路电子商务系统建设的主要内容,阐述了数据挖掘在铁路电子商务中的作用,构建了数据挖掘在客货票信息系统中的应用模型。     

Improving the physics of a coupled physical–biogeochemical model of the North Atlantic through data assimilation: Impact on the ecosystem

Several studies on coupled physical–biogeochemical models have shown that major deficiencies in the biogeochemical fields arise from the deficiencies in the physical flow fields. This paper examines the improvement of the physics through data assimilation, and the subsequent impact on the ecosystem response in a coupled model of the North Atlantic. Sea surface temperature and sea surface height data are assimilated with a sequential method based on the SEEK filter adapted to the coupling needs. The model domain covers the Atlantic from 20°S to 70°N at eddy-permitting resolution. The biogeochemical model is a NPZD-DOM model based on the P3ZD formulation. The results of an annual assimilated simulation are compared with an annual free simulation.With assimilation, the representation of the mixed layer depth is significantly improved in mid latitudes, even though the mixed layer depth is generally overestimated compared to the observations. The representation of the mean and variance of the currents is also significantly improved.The nutrient input in the euphotic zone is used to assess the data assimilation impact on the ecosystem. Data assimilation results in a 50% reduction of the input due to vertical mixing in mid-latitudes, and in a four- to six-fold increase of the advective fluxes in mid-latitudes and subtropics. Averaged zonally, the net impact is a threefold increase for the subtropical gyre, and a moderate (20–30%) decrease at mid and high latitudes.Surface chlorophyll concentration increases along the subtropical gyre borders, but little changes are detected at mid and high latitudes. An increase of the primary production appears along the Gulf Stream path, but it represents only 12% on average for mid and high latitudes. In the subtropical gyre centre, primary production is augmented but stays underestimated (20% of observations). These experiments show the benefits of physical data assimilation in coupled physical–biogeochemical applications.     

Using data assimilation in laboratory experiments of geophysical flows

Data assimilation is used in numerical simulations of laboratory experiments in a stratified, rotating fluid. The experiments are performed on the large Coriolis turntable (Grenoble, France), which achieves a high degree of similarity with the ocean, and the simulations are performed with a two-layer shallow water model, using the SEEK method for data assimilation. Since the flow is measured with a high level of precision and resolution, a detailed analysis of a forecasting system is feasible. The procedure is tested for the baroclinic instability of a two-layer vortex. It is shown that the method of data assimilation properly captures the details of the initial flow perturbation. Then it is shown by sensitivity studies that an error of the model, attributed to small non-hydrostatic effects, can be distinguished from the error growth associated with the intrinsic instability of the system. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the velocity field in the lower layer can be well controlled by data assimilation limited to the top layer.     

Identifying Time-of-Day Breakpoints Based on Nonintrusive Data Collection Platforms

To ensure the effective operation of traffic signal systems, different signal timings should be designed to accommodate traffic pattern variations. One of the greatest challenges is the identification of appropriate time-of-day (TOD) breakpoints, where different signal timings could be implemented during the time periods between two consecutive breakpoints. This research presents an advanced cluster analysis aimed at identifying TOD breakpoints for coordinated, semiactuated modes when it is necessary for multiple intersection operations to be considered simultaneously. Different from previous studies, this proposed methodology considers the time of traffic occurring as one dimension in clustering and uses continuous traffic data obtained through innovative, nonintrusive data collection techniques, which significantly improve this method's performance. The operability of this proposed method is demonstrated in a case study of a corridor located in Tampa, FL. The traffic simulation results reported in this article reveal that this novel procedure performs better than existing TOD signal timing plans.     

大秦线2万t货物列车条件下线桥设备试验研究

选取大秦线5个轨道、1个路基和9个桥梁试验工点,进行2万t列车的运行和制动试验,研究大秦线轨道、桥梁和路基的动力性能。结果表明:2万t试验列车通过典型线、桥、路基和道岔地段时,实测脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮对横向力以及道岔尖轨开口量等指标均在安全限度内,说明在大秦线开行2万t货物列车是安全可行的。2万t试验列车作用下的轨道动力响应和各项位移参数与普通列车正常运营时基本相当,但2万t试验列车车辆由车轮扁疤产生的轮轨垂直力最大值达到277 kN,会对轨道结构产生显著的破坏作用;桥梁的挠度和振动参数基本在安全控制范围内;路基的动应力值基本在45 kPa以内,轴重由21 t增加到25 t后,路基动应力只增加2 kPa左右,但2万t列车通过时相邻两转向架4个车轮产生的路基动应力分布为1个梯形形式,而6 000 t列车通过时为2个交叠的梯形形式。     

一种用PC机截取七段码显示电路数据的方法

本文介绍了一种实用的用ＰＣ机截获单片机数据的应用方法，并给出了其中的接口电路与软件。     

构建路企数据交换平台的探讨

本文探讨了构建路企数据交换平台的意义和可行性，结合企业专用线应用实效，提出构建路企数据交换平台的初步设想。     

巧妙运用LKJ数据发现车载设备质量问题

结合LKJ数据分析中一些巧妙的解决方法,阐述LKJ数据分析在发现、解决车载设备隐藏质量问题中的运用,以期达到快速消除设备隐患,确保LKJ设备运用良好的目的。     

罗兰C和卫星导航的组合应用

论述了目前罗兰C和卫星导航组合应用的几种方式,对罗兰C和卫星导航伪距组合定位以及罗兰C和卫星导航定位数据融合的原理和方法进行了论证,通过罗兰C和卫星导航的组合应用,可以克服单一导航系统的弱点,提高组合导航的性能,拓展了罗兰C的应用领域,延长了罗兰C的使用周期。     

A trade-off analysis between penetration rate and sampling frequency of mobile sensors in traffic state estimation

The rapid-growth of smartphones with embedded navigation systems such as GPS modules provides new ways of monitoring traffic. These devices can register and send a great amount of traffic related data, which can be used for traffic state estimation. In such a case, the amount of data collected depends on two variables: the penetration rate of devices in traffic flow (P) and their data sampling frequency (z). Referring to data composition as the way certain number of observations is collected, in terms of P and z, we need to understand the relation between the amount and composition of data collected, and the accuracy achieved in traffic state estimation. This was accomplished through an in-depth analysis of two datasets of vehicle trajectories on freeways. The first dataset consists of trajectories over a real freeway, while the second dataset is obtained through microsimulation. Hypothetical scenarios of data sent by equipped vehicles were created, based on the composition of data collected. Different values of P and z were used, and each unique combination defined a specific scenario. Traffic states were estimated through two simple methods, and a more advanced one that incorporates traffic flow theory. A measure to quantify data to be collected was proposed, based on travel time, number of vehicles, penetration rate and sampling frequency. The error was below 6% for every scenario in each dataset. Also, increasing data reduced variability in data count estimation. The performance of the different estimation methods varied through each dataset and scenario. Since the same number of observations can be gathered with different combinations of P and z, the effect of data composition was analyzed (a trade-off between penetration rate and sampling frequency). Different situations were found. In some, an increase in penetration rate is more effective to reduce estimation error than an increase in sampling frequency, considering an equal increase in observations. In other areas, the opposite relationship was found. Between these areas, an indifference curve was found. In fact, this curve is the solution to the optimization problem of minimizing the error given any fixed number of observations. As a general result, increasing sampling frequency (penetration rate) is more beneficial when the current sampling frequency (penetration rate) is low, independent of the penetration rate (sampling frequency).