Monitoring of suction bucket jackets for offshore wind turbines: Dynamic load bearing behaviour and modelling

Suction bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines (OWT) have considerable advantages compared to conventional foundation types: Due to the installation process with dead weight and applied negative pressure, noise from pile driving can be completely avoided. In addition, the installation process of the whole substructure, consisting of the buckets connected to the jacket, can be carried out in one work step, which increases efficiency. A prototype of the suction bucket jacket was installed in the wind park ‘Borkum Riffgrund 1’ (North Sea) in August 2014. Due to the pre-installed and comprehensive measuring system, it was possible to monitor all installation and operating phases. The data analysis of a storm event show an amplitude and frequency-dependent behaviour of the soil stiffness and the suction bucket foundation without wind turbine. In the frequency range of the first and second eigenfrequency (0.2 Hz < f < 5 Hz), the system behaves linearly. Here, the Frequency Domain Decomposition is used for identification and monitoring. For the lower frequency band (0.05 Hz < f < 0.2 Hz) where higher forces and displacements occur, a non-linear multilayer perceptron is chosen to model the non-linear relations between measurements. By applying two mathematical models for the relevant frequency ranges, all the information from the measurement data can be used for system identification and novelty detection under varying environmental conditions.     

基于自适应奇异值标准谱和EMD的柴油机故障诊断

针对柴油机多发故障,提出了自适应奇异值标准谱和经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)相结合的故障诊断模型。通过计算平均最近邻域发散度和奇异值标准谱的方法自适应地选择奇异值分解的嵌入维数和重构阶数,提高了奇异值分解降噪的精度。对降噪后的信号进行EMD分解,并利用调整余弦相似度标准提取反映信号真实特征的主固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),进而提取故障特征参数。将此模型应用于F3L912柴油机进气门漏气、单缸失火和多缸失火等故障的诊断,通过提取峭度和过零率作为故障特征,获得了较高的故障分类准确率。     

奇异值分解降噪的改进方法

利用测试信号构造Hankel矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD)是消除随机噪声干扰的有效方法,其关键是奇异值数目的选取,但目前尚无成熟有效的确定方法。针对这一问题,提出了一种奇异值分解降噪的改进方法,该方法依据去噪后信号极值点数量随奇异值数目变化的关系,可以准确选取与最优降噪效果对应的奇异值数目。仿真及实验结果表明,该方法准确、有效。利用该方法处理船舶和机械设备振动噪声测试信号,可有效提高其信噪比,最大程度地优化信号去噪的效果,提高分析的可靠性。     

基于波面分解的跨海桥梁下部结构波浪荷载计算方法

为建立波面与结构波浪荷载之间的直接联系,提出一种基于波面分解的桥梁下部结构波浪荷载计算方法。通过傅里叶变换将波面时程分解为有限个线性规则波的叠加,根据线性波浪理论,将每个规则波的水质点速度、加速度组合叠加,得到波面对应的水质点速度和加速度分布,最后利用Morison方程计算波浪荷载。通过与既有波浪理论、水槽试验和数值模拟结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性和准确性。研究结果表明:(1)当波高不大时,本文方法得到的水平速度和加速度与波浪理论值吻合良好;(2)基于水槽试验的波面分解,本文方法结果与流速仪实测结果在时域与频域均吻合良好;(3)以一个圆柱桥墩为例,本文方法比数值模拟计算效率高,墩底剪力、弯矩的误差分别为3%、8%左右。     

Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon emissions from the transportation sector in Beijing

In the process of rapid development and urbanization in Beijing, identifying the potential factors of carbon emissions in the transportation sector is an important prerequisite to controlling carbon emissions. Based on the expanded Kaya identity, we built a multivariate generalized Fisher index (GFI) decomposition model to measure the influence of the energy structure, energy intensity, output value of per unit traffic turnover, transportation intensity, economic growth and population size on carbon emissions from 1995 to 2012 in the transportation sector of Beijing. Compared to most methods used in previous studies, the GFI model possesses the advantage of eliminating decomposition residuals, which enables it to display better decomposition characteristics (Ang et al., 2004). The results show: (i) The primary positive drivers of carbon emissions in the transportation sector include the economic growth, energy intensity and population size. The cumulative contribution of economic growth to transportation carbon emissions reaches 334.5%. (ii) The negative drivers are the transportation intensity and energy structure, while the transportation intensity is the main factor that restrains transportation carbon emissions. The energy structure displays a certain inhibition effect, but its inhibition is not obvious. (iii) The contribution rate of the output value of per unit traffic turnover on transportation carbon emissions appears as a flat “M”. To suppress the growth of carbon emissions in transportation further, the government of Beijing should take the measures of promoting the development of new energy vehicles, limiting private vehicles’ increase and promoting public transportation, evacuating non-core functions of Beijing and continuingly controlling population size.     

Benders Decomposition for Discrete–Continuous Linear Bilevel Problems with application to traffic network design

We propose a new fast solution method for linear Bilevel Problems with binary leader and continuous follower variables under the partial cooperation assumption. We reformulate the Bilevel Problem into a single-level problem by using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. This non-linear model can be linearized because of the special structure achieved by the binary leader decision variables and subsequently solved by a Benders Decomposition Algorithm to global optimality. We illustrate the capability of the approach on the Discrete Network Design Problem which adds arcs to an existing road network at the leader stage and anticipates the traffic equilibrium for the follower stage. Because of the non-linear objective functions of this problem, we use a linearization method for increasing, convex and non-linear functions based on continuous variables. Numerical tests show that this algorithm can solve even large instances of Bilevel Problems.     

小波分析理论及其在数字滤波中的应用研究

系统地分析了小波变换的物理意义和特点,并进一步将小波变换应用于微机保护数字滤波器中,得出基于小波变换的微机保护数字滤波器具有傅里叶变换不可比拟的优越性,可以准确滤除信号中的直流和高频分量。     

负载型金属氧化物催化剂分解臭氧性能研究

制备了以活性炭和5A分子筛为载体的催化剂,考察了活性组分、相对湿度、活性组分含量以及空速等因素对其催化分解臭氧性能的影响,分析了臭氧在催化剂表面上的吸附和分解机理,得出以活性炭为载体的催化剂Mn-Ag-O/C具有良好的催化分解性能和较强的耐湿性能。