陕西关中地区土基回弹模量研究

结合试验段的现场试验和室内试验,从土基回弹模量值的常用确定方法对陕西关中地区的土基回弹模量取值加以分析,求得土基回弹模量与稠度和压实度相应的关系以及回弹模量与贝克曼梁弯沉值相关关系,在此基础上提出公路二级区划Ⅲ4区粘性土的土基回弹模量推荐值;给出陕西关中地区回弹弯沉检测标准的经验公式。     

Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density

Density is a key component in the recent surge of mixed-use neighborhood developments. Empirical research has shown an inconsistent picture on the impact of density. In particular, it is unclear whether it is the density or the variables that go long with density that affect people’s travel behavior. Many existing studies on density neglect confounding factors, for example, residential self-selection, generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations. In addition, most still use a single trip as their observation unit, even though trip chaining is well recognized. The goal of this paper is to assess the role of density in affecting mode choice decisions in home-based work tours, while controlling for confounding factors. Using the dataset collected in the New York Metropolitan Region, we estimated a simultaneous two-equation system comprising two mutually interacting dependent variables: car ownership and the propensity to use auto. The results confirm the role of density after controlling for the confounding factors; in particular, employment density at work exerts more influence than residential density at home. The study also demonstrates the importance of using tour as the analysis unit in mode choice decisions. The study advances the field by analyzing the role of the built environment on home-based work tours. New knowledge is obtained in the relative contribution of density vs. a set of correlated factors, including generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations.

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为证明“轴-幅”式运输网络有独立于密度经济而存在的范围经济,在假设运输网络密度收益不变的前提下建立了独立分段运营与整合运营两种模式下运输网络的成本函数,对比发现采用独立分段运营与“轴-幅”式整合运营两种模式的运输网络运营成本差异较大,当采用“轴-幅”式整合运营模式且运输网络达到最佳运营结构时才能实现范围经济,其原因在于采用“轴-幅”式整合运营模式进行运营线路整合优化时能使营运车辆及人员工作效率得到提高。结果表明,密度收益恒定时“轴-幅”式网络运营模式下存在范围经济,但范围经济的取得需通过运营线路结构优化才能实现。     

新旧规程粗集料试验方法的对比

粗集料作为路面材料的重要组成部分,在整个路面工程中起关键作用。因此通过相关试验,检测粗集料质量的优劣就显得十分必要。     

Urban traffic state estimation: Fusing point and zone based data

Loop detectors are the oldest and widely used traffic data source. On urban arterials, they are mainly installed for signal control. Recently state-of-the art Bluetooth MAC Scanners (BMS) has significantly captured the interest of stakeholders for exploiting it for area-wide traffic monitoring. Loop detectors provide flow – a fundamental traffic parameter; whereas BMS provides individual vehicle travel time between BMS stations. Hence, these two data sources complement each other, and if integrated should increase the accuracy and reliability of the traffic state estimation.This paper proposed a model that integrates loops and BMS data for seamless travel time and density estimation for urban signalised network. The proposed model is validated using both real and simulated data and the results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed model is over 90%.     

CO2 emissions: Are land-use changes enough for California to reduce VMT? Specification of a two-part model with instrumental variables

With vehicle miles of travel increasing at a faster pace than population, one strategy being actively pursued by both state and local governments is compact development. California recently passed legislation that aggressively promotes sustainability by endorsing and rewarding compact development. Likewise, the California Air Resources Board has set a statewide reduction target of 5MMT of greenhouse gas reductions from land use, based largely on achieving compact development patterns. In this paper, we use a multivariate two-part model with instrumental variables, which corrects for residential location self-selection bias. We use a much larger and more geographically representative travel survey on household travel patterns and socio-economic characteristics than represented in previous California studies; this allows us to robustly consider other influences on travel. Our results indicate that, all else equal, a 10% in residential density would reduce VMT by 1.9%. This elasticity is larger than the reported in previous econometric studies for the US, and specifically for California. However, as we show, the magnitude of this impact is still low considering reasonable ranges for policies aimed to increase residential density.     

对粗集料密度的真空饱水法测定

受沥青混合料的理论密度测定方法启示,对粗集料进行真空饱水密度快速测定试验。对玄武岩和石灰岩类结构致密孔隙小的岩石进行试验,试验所得密度数据与规范方法所得数据一致;砂岩由于其结构孔隙大,数据离散,需要进行多次试验,从中选出代表性数据。此方法可以在较短时间内得出集料的密度指标。