A review of issues in transit economics

This paper reviews the development of thought on the major issues in transit economics over the last 50 years, in developed and developing countries. Some issues - the analysis of cost and demand parameters - are perennial, with development mostly in the mathematical sophistication of analytical techniques employed, while others - such as issues of ownership and competitive form - reflect wider trends in economic thinking. Some issues - such as the relationship between transit and development - are universal, while others - such as the role of small vehicles and the informal sector - impact mostly on developing countries. One conclusion stands out. Transit is critical to the achievement of a wide range of social, economic and environmental objectives and, therefore, needs appropriate institutions to ensure its integration with the strategic management of the rest of urban development policy.     

Demand uncertainty and airport capacity choice

This study analyzes the effects of demand uncertainty on airport capacity choices. It shows that demand uncertainty will not change optimal capacity choice if demand variation is low and capacity cost is high; otherwise the optimal airport capacity under demand uncertainty will be larger than the case when a deterministic mean demand is considered. These conclusions are robust with respect to the different market structures considered in this study and hold for both profit-maximizing and welfare-maximizing airports. The moderating effects of commercial revenue, capital cost, and airport operation cost on airport capacity choice are qualitatively the same in the cases of uncertain demand and deterministic demand.     

论资本有机构成提高对我国就业的影响及对策

文章先从理论上分析资本有机构成提高对就业的影响，主要表现在：对劳动需求的相对减少与绝对增加以及促进非生产性行业的发展。然后结合对就业弹性的测算结果来分析我国实践中资本有机构成提高对就业的影响，最后针对各产业提出解决当前就业问题的一些政策建议。     

浅议视频点播系统的关键技术

结合实际应用,主要介绍了视频点播系统(VOD)的网络支持环境、视频服务器和用户访问控制三项关键技术。     

基于乘客需求的公交客流OD采集技术研究

为了提高公交服务水平和优化公交调度,在分析现有公交客流采集技术基础上,运用单片机技术、通信技术等,提出了基于乘客需求的公交客流OD采集技术,设计了由请求单元、公交车单元、数据中心组成的采集系统,实现了公交乘客的上下车请求、站点客流数据、公交OD数据的采集,可以为公交优化调度提供基础数据。     

有关汽车合乘问题的研究

城市道路上汽车低使用率问题和大城市汽车合乘现象的出现反映了汽车合乘存在和发展的必然性。从国内外合乘现状出发,在论述合乘含义的基础上,对合乘的类型划分、合乘途径、合乘实施的利弊以及合乘的实施保障等问题进行相关探讨,对于汽车合乘的后续研究有着重要意义。     

Sustainable cold supply chain management under demand uncertainty and carbon tax regulation

Increasing awareness of sustainability in supply chain management has prompted organizations and individuals to consider environmental impacts when managing supply chains. The issues concerning environmental impacts are significant in cold supply chains due to substantial carbon emissions from storage and distribution of temperature-sensitive product. This paper investigates the impact of carbon emissions arising from storage and transportation in the cold supply chain in the presence of carbon tax regulation, and under uncertain demand. A two-stage stochastic programming model is developed to determine optimal replenishment policies and transportation schedules to minimize both operational and emissions costs. A matheuristic algorithm based on the Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm and a mixed integer programming is developed to solve the problem in realistic sizes. The performance and robustness of the matheuristic algorithm are analyzed using test instances in various sizes. A real-world case study in Queensland, Australia is used to demonstrate the application of the model. The results highlight that higher emissions price does not always contribute to the efficiency of the cold supply chain system. Furthermore, the analyses indicate that using heterogeneous fleet including light duty and medium duty vehicles can lead to further cost saving and emissions reduction.     

Modeling travel mode choice of young people with differentiated E-hailing ride services in Nanjing China

E-hailing ride service (ERS) has become increasingly popular globally and is changing the urban mobility landscape. There is insufficient research effort in understanding the impact of ERS on travel behavior, in particular among young people. This paper aims to start filling that research gap by first collecting mode choice preference data through a stated preference survey in City of Nanjing, China and then applying nested logit (NL) models and a series of post-estimation analysis to address a number of key research questions of mode choice behavior without and with ERS. Three ERS modes are considered in the Chinese context: DiDi Taxi (D-Taxi), DiDi Express (D-Express), and DiDi Premier (D-Premier), all provided by DiDi Chuxing, the dominant ERS service provider in China. The study finds that age makes little difference in mode choice preference when ERS is introduced between the two age groups considered (18–30 and 31–45). The study results also suggest that young travelers are naturally drawn to ERS for what it represents (a technology innovation) and its business (pricing) model. ERS appears to be a competitive alternative to the conventional modes especially when they are under performed. The study also finds that ERS will likely increase vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) considerably, which will lead to increase in on-road vehicular emissions, unless some mechanism to switch users to ridesharing is in place.     

郑州局集团公司运输需求与运力衔接对策探讨

在货运市场波动较大的情况下,切实做好运输需求与运力的衔接,使既有运力灵活有效地适应市场变化,实现精准运输,提高装车兑现率和运输满足率,是提效增量的重要途径。在分析运输需求与运力现状及存在问题的基础上,提出郑州局集团公司运输需求与运力衔接对策,即:准确掌握运输需求信息,认真编好货运日计划,切实做好运输有序衔接,全力确保重点物资运输,努力提高装车兑现水平,加强客户信息管理。     

An evaluation of the user characteristics of an open access DRT service

The successful provision of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) in Europe, Australia, UK and the US has been addressed in several substantial studies and projects. The general finding of these studies is that DRT is a suitable transport solution in particular areas and can deliver social inclusion and community building objectives. Existing research confirms that DRT is particularly useful for connecting isolated communities and population groups to essential services such as healthcare and is cost-effective in terms of contributing greatly to community wellbeing. However, many existing DRT services are still not performing to their true potential, and many of them could not be viable as commercial services. The aim of this study is to develop greater understanding of DRT services from the passengers’ perspective using a case study of LinkUp in Tyne and Wear, one of the most successful DRT schemes in the UK. The paper has two key objectives: (a) to critically review, in the context of the detailed case study the general characteristics of the selected DRT scheme; and (b) to analyse and interpret the findings from a detailed survey of users (who are predominately elderly and female) with regard to passenger characteristics, their attitudes and perception of the service and their suggestions for improvement.