铁路内燃机车多级五代柴油机油

参照美国机车维修者协会(LMOA)、美国机车生产厂家GE公司和GM公司铁路内燃机车五代油的技术规格,确定研制的五代油暂行技术指标。通过一系列的性能筛选评定试验,包括氧化安定试验、青铜—钢摩擦磨损试验、四球磨损试验、转盘清净性试验和烟炱分散试验,经多次筛选,确定出五代油的配方。并进行L—38轴瓦腐蚀性和1G2高温清净性发动机台架试验。在为期20个月DF4D机车的现场行车试验中,对四代油和五代油两种在用油进行理化、红外光谱、发射光谱和铁谱分析,还对柴油机的动力组进行拆检:连杆轴瓦和活塞环称重、活塞清净性评分,综合考察机油的抗氧、抗磨和清净分散性能。行车试验验证使用五代油可以减少机油中烟炱凝聚的几率,降低粘度增长的速度。研究结果表明,研制的五代油具有较好的抗氧、抗磨和清净分散性能,粘度增长得以抑制,延长了机油的使用寿命。     

柴油机电控系统平台开发及应用

介绍了柴油机单体泵电控系统平台化开发内容:ECU硬件开发、上层驱动和应用层开发、底层驱动开发、操作系统及任务调动。提出了V型开发流程、软件CMMI开发方法等规范的开发流程方法。对应用该平台化方法开发的柴油机单体泵电控系统进行试验,验证了该平台开发方法的有效性。     

燃用不同油品的柴油出租车排放性能试验研究

对燃用硫含量≤500×10-6的城市车用0#柴油(简称"国Ⅱ柴油")和硫含量≤350×10-6的高品质清洁柴油(简称"国Ⅲ柴油")的帕萨特柴油出租车的排放性能进行了试验研究,系统研究了其10万km范围内的排放性能。结果表明:燃用国Ⅱ柴油和国Ⅲ柴油的帕萨特柴油出租车完全满足当前国家排放法规限值要求,具有较好的环保性能,而且两者的CO、NOx和HC NOx排放差别不大,但国Ⅲ柴油的PM排放明显优于国Ⅱ柴油。     

工程机械柴油机后处理技术的缺陷分析及改进方向

为适应绿色施工的要求,工程机械柴油机排气净化越来越重视采用固体颗粒捕集和排气催化转化等后处理技术。本文对常用后处理技术的应用效果进行了定性评价,分析了技术局限性,提出了改进后处理技术的主要方向。     

CA4DC1柴油机配气机构设计

CA4DC1型柴油机是在CA498柴油机基础上开发的能够满足欧Ⅲ排放法规要求的柴油机.介绍了该柴油机在配气机构总体布置、气门组零件设计、气门传动机构设计、凸轮型线设计等方面所作的改进.     

铁路柴油机润滑油的现状与发展

为满足环保要求,世界各国政府针对柴油机废气排放制定了一系列法规。这些法规的实施及市场经济性的要求,迫使柴油机必须采取相应的技术改变,因而对柴油机润滑油(以下简称"柴油机油")的研究提出新的技术挑战。随着柴油机油质量升级,国际上逐步提高了油品评定方法和指标的技术要求。因其自身的特殊要求,铁路柴油机油形成一个独立研究领域的趋势已愈加明显。中国铁路第三、第四代油研制成功后,已基本能够满足目前国内铁路运输要求,但亟待建立柴油机油试验评定方法,开展柴油机油作用机理的研究。     

Particulate matter in marine diesel engines exhausts: Emissions and control strategies

Marine diesel engines emit particles that have a complex nature, being composed by carbonaceous particles, with size spanning from few nanometres to less than one micron, and inorganic particles of micron size mainly made by ashes and sulphates.On a global scale, international shipping is responsible for few percentages of the particulate matter emissions, which also affect climate, but the regional distribution of naval traffic suggests the insurgence of significant exposure risk for population living along the coastal areas, due to chronic exposure effects. Specific strategies should be implemented to reduce the emissions of all the components of particulate matter. This paper aims to present a survey on the current and innovative strategies to remove particles from marine diesel engine exhausts, along with a critical review of the most recent findings on ships emitted particles. Evidences on physical–chemical properties, toxicology and emission factors of the particles were reported. This survey indicates that several strategies can provide a significant reduction of particulate matter emissions from ships and integration between innovative after-treatment systems, ships design and operation procedures can potentially lead to overall reduction of more than 99% even with parallel fuel savings.     

Estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions from petrol and diesel passenger cars by means of on-board monitoring: Effect of vehicle speed,vehicle technology,engine type on emission rates

NO_X emission rates of 13 petrol and 3 diesel passenger cars as a function of average speed from 10 to 120 km/h, emission class (pre-Euro 1 – Euro 5), engine type were investigated by on-board monitoring on roads and highways of St. Petersburg using a portative Testo XXL 300 gas analyzer. The highest level of NO_X emission 0.5–2.5 g/km was inherent to old pre-Euro 1 petrol cars without a catalytic converter. NO_X emissions rates of Euro 1 and Euro 2 petrol cars changed within 0.15–0.9 g/km, Euro 3 – 0.015–0.27 g/km, Euro 4 – 0.013–0.1 g/km, Euro 5 – 0.002–0.043 g/km. Euro 3 – Euro 4 petrol cars generally satisfied corresponding NO_X Emission Standards (ES), except cold-start period, Euro 5 petrol cars did not exceed ES. Warmed, stabilized engines of Euro 3 – Euro 5 petrol cars showed 5–10 times lower NO_X emission rates than corresponding ES in the range of speed from 20 to 90 km/h. NO_X emission rates of diesel Euro 3 and Euro 4 cars varied from 0.45 to 1.1 g/km and from 0.31 to 1.1 g/km, respectively. Two examined diesel Euro 3 and one Euro 4 passenger vehicles did not satisfy NO_X ES at real use. Euro 3 diesel cars showed 28.9 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 3 petrol cars and Euro 4 diesel car demonstrated 17.6 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 4 petrol cars at warmed and stabilized engine at a cruise speed ranging from 30 to 60 km/h.     

船用柴油机混合能源系统配置优化

考虑新能源的间歇性以及船舶电力系统负载的突变性和波动性,本文首先根据船舶航行中经纬度和海上环境的变化对新能源的参数进行修正,然后构造同时计及成本与使用寿命的船用柴油机混合能源系统优化配置目标函数,再利用人工蜂群算法进行优化,从而获得最佳的系统配置。船舶航行实测试验验证该方法的可行性,同时表明了它比陆地上传统方法具有更好的优化配置性能。     

柴油机活塞的低周热疲劳寿命预测与安全性评价

运用ＡＤＩＮＡＴ和ＡＤＩＮＡ程序计算了１２Ｖ１８０和４２－１６０柴油机活塞的轴对称温度场和循环弹塑性应力应变场以及Ｍｉｓｅｓ当量应力应变场。根据“起动－停车”波形，采用带环状缺口的圆柱形试件，进行了热疲劳和高温低周疲劳模拟试验试验和计算表明：当量应变范围与疲劳寿命之间存在着Ｍａｎｓｏｎ－Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ公式关系，且不受试件结构形状和尺寸的影响；