某型船用低速柴油机机座推力侧分析

某型船用低速柴油机在改型设计过程中,由于推进载荷的增加,需要对机座的推力侧重新进行结构强度校核。根据动力学软件Virtual Engine计算结果提取主轴承载荷,采用ABAQUS进行结构强度分析,由于轴向推力的作用,机座推力侧有六个区域应力集中,其中两个区域最大等效应力远超出材料的屈服强度,原结构不能满足改型设计要求。根据强度分析结果并结合工程应用经验,提出4种结构优化方案,经过再次计算发现改变危险区域隔板布置角度最为合理,并得到了最佳布置角度。     

某型船用大功率柴油发电机组轴系扭振分析及惯量盘设计

基于轴系扭振计算分析,对某型船用大功率柴油发电机组轴系加装惯量盘,使其扭转振动固有频率低谐次避开工作转速区,消减机组运行安全隐患,并借助三维造型和有限元分析优化惯量盘结构设计。     

湿式排气的设计问题及解决措施

为了节省机舱空间以及降低排气温度和噪声,现在很多船舶的柴油机组都采用了冷却水和烟气混合的湿式排气方式,但在实船应用中,如果湿式排气设计不合理就会出现回流和虹吸等各种问题。本文针对这些问题进行了详细的分析研究,并且提出了合理的解决措施,从而避免造成柴油机组的损害,对其它排气方式的设计也具有很好的参考价值。     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.     

船用柴油机燃油管路脉动现象对油耗测量影响的试验分析

燃油经济性是评价柴油机综合性能的指标之一。在实船测试柴油机燃油消耗中,由于油管压力脉动会导致测试结果的偏差,加装稳压腔能有效避免油管压力脉动的影响。台架和实船测试结果表明,合理的稳压腔布置能明显降低进、回油流量计的燃油波动率,提高船舶柴油机燃油油耗测量的准确性     

高原环境下船舶主机短时补氧增功效能分析

针对因高原缺氧导致滑行艇动力不足无法起滑的问题,提出一种通过额外补充氧气来短时提高柴油机功率以帮助滑行艇越过阻力峰的方案。在热力学基本公式基础上引入Assanis关于富氧燃烧的热释放关系,提出了一种富氧燃烧的线性近似解方法。再利用AVL fire进行CFD计算,模拟计算缸内燃烧情况。计算结果表明,随着进气氧气浓度的增加,柴油机放热量和缸内压力均有提高,功率也同步提高,从而验证了该方案的可行性,为其实用化进行了基础性探索。     

基于无线供能的船用柴油机曲轴扭矩在线检测技术研究

介绍了由谐振非接触供电模块、应变片扭力检测模块、信号无线收发模块等组成的扭矩信号采集装置,将其应用在船用柴油机的曲轴扭矩检测。通过试验,实现了对船用柴油机曲轴扭矩检测系统的输出电压计应变量的连续采集,完成了对船用柴油机曲轴扭矩的在线实时检测。该装置性能可靠、精度高、实时性好,在轮机管理方面具有较好的实际应用价值。     

柴油机低温余热利用数值模拟研究

本文针对柴油机低温尾气余热的利用提出了一种新的方案,并建立了模型,应用CFD数值模拟技术对模型进行了数值计算,模拟了模型的温度场分布。结果表明,在低温尾气余热利用方面,保证冷却流体无相变的情况下,此方案具有可行性。并由模拟的温度场分布,可确定冷却液达到稳定温度的轴向距离,为实际设计中长度参数的选取提供参考。     

重型柴油机燃用不同柴油替代燃料的性能研究

对乖型柴油机燃用纯柴油、体积混合比例为1:9的天然气合成油(GTL柴油)与柴油混合燃料(G10)、体积混合比例为1:9的生物柴油与柴油混合燃料(BD10)、纯GTL柴油(G100)及纯牛物柴油(BD100)5种燃料的动力性、经济性及燃烧特性进行了研究.结果表明,BD10、G10与纯柴油有相似的燃烧特性,额定转速F G100的缸内工作压力增大,BD100的缸内工作压力显著降低;G10油耗较之BD10降低2.43%,功率较之BD10平均高2.78%;与燃用纯柴油的油耗相比,G100平均降低2.62%,BD100平均高出13%;除NOx排放外,生物柴油在降低CO、HC、PM的排放上均有所改善.     

柴油机先进制造技术

文章针对涨断工艺、蠕墨铸铁材料开发和再制造技术,结合国内外技术发展和应用现状,简要分析了上述技术对促进我国内燃机行业发展的重要意义,提出了相应发展建议。大力发展上述技术,符合节能降耗、发展绿色循环经济的时代主题,同时对于实现柴油机行业的健康可持续发展和实现低碳经济目标也具有重要意义。