双偶氮生色开链冠醚的合成

以水杨醛、对硝基(氯、甲氧基)苯胺、乙二胺、二乙烯基三胺为原料，经过先偶联后桥连的方法，合成了2类双偶氮生色开链冠醚，其结构特征是氮杂链作桥链，酚羟基作端基，对位取代的苯偶氮基作为生色基团，形成新的双偶氮化合物5和6的结构经元素分析，红外光谱和质谱得到确定．     

羰基－膦－过渡金属有机配合物的合成及其对苯的光羰基化反应的研究

本文合成了一系列新的羰基－双膦和羰基－叔膦的Ｒｈ，Ｐｔ和Ｎｉ金属有机配合物，并在均相溶液里和室温常压下，研究了苯的光（λ＞２７５ｎｍ）羰基化反应，首次观察到非贵重过渡金属Ｎｉ的有机配合物可催化该反应，其催化活性与膦配体的空间效应和供电性有关，提出了苯的光羰基化反应的可能机理。     

地铁车站直接蒸发式空调解决方案探讨

直接蒸发式空调系统以节能、占地小、控制灵活等特点多用于中小型建筑,地铁车站空调的冷量规模和空气末端的数量具备采用直接蒸发空调机组的条件,针对该系统应用于地铁车站进行具体分析,根据地铁车站特点,对冷却水系统进行优化整合,提出整体配置方案,从空气处理过程、制冷压缩循环、系统运营成本、土建和设备初投资等方面与常规空调系统进行对比分析。结果表明:该系统具有一定的优势,同时也指出了其存在的缺点和局限性;在设计中应根据具体工程的特点判断是否采用该系统。直接蒸发式空调系统作为一种运行节能、投资节省的空调方式,可以为地铁工程空调系统设计提供一种新的思路和参考。     

天津津滨轻轨西段工程盾构隧道施工风险管理

最大程度降低盾构隧道施工中的风险事故发生率以及事故造成的损失,是工程实际中迫切需要解决的一个难题.根据风险分析流程,结合天津津滨轻轨西段工程七经路至天津站站区间盾构隧道实例,对该工程的主要风险,首先采用专家调查法和层次分析法进行了识别,然后应用模糊综合评判对盾构穿越铁路股道的施工风险进行了统计、计算和综合分析评估.提出...     

Research on integrated naval ship design model and its intelligent algorithm

Pointing at naval ship projects creation and evaluation at stage of naval ship concept design,in the mechanism of integrated design based on naval ship synthesis model, ship projects creation and intelligent fuzzy evaluation method is researched, thus the applicability of each algorithm is obtained. Firstly,the naval ship synthesis model is introduced to design process, value and application status of synthesis model in integrated design is then exposed. Then the applicability of single target and multi targets SA algorithm is improved, and the quick generation of naval ship projects is done. After that, multiple projects evaluation method based on Vague fuzzy set is introduced to established the intelligent evaluation model, which can integrate effectively the quantitative and qualitative indexes. At last, the analysis of results comparison shows the advancement and rationality of each method. The example shows the integrated design process researched in this paper can be a great orientation of naval ship project design, and can also be used in other parts of naval ship development.     

原位合成TiB2—TiC—SiC陶瓷复合材料

以氢化钛、碳化硼和硅粉为原料,在热等静压条件下,通过原位合成,制备性能优良的ＴｉＢ２ＴｉＣＳｉＣ陶瓷复合材料。制得的ＴｉＢ２ＴｉＣＳｉＣ陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性达７．３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２。运用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ对陶瓷复合材料的微观结构和组织形貌进行了分析。发现复合材料中ＴｉＢ２,ＳｉＣ和ＴｉＣ晶粒尺寸小于１０μｍ,三者之间的相界面清洁。ＳｉＣ和ＴｉＣ晶粒为不规则多边形;而ＴｉＢ２晶粒为规则条状。ＳＥＭ断口分析发现：较大的晶粒发生穿晶断裂,其余则为沿晶断裂。颗粒增强、裂纹偏转和晶粒拔出是其主要的增韧机制。     

Numerical investigation of turbulence near a sheared air–water interface. Part 1: Turbulence statistics beneath a flat water surface sheared by wind

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent shear flow beneath a flat water surface with imposed wind shear stress are presented. The results of DNS indicate that there are clear differences, and also similarities, between wind-driven flow and the flow near a solid wall. The qualitative structures of turbulence are similar in both types of flow. Low-speed streaks are also present in wind-driven flow. On the other hand, profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities in wind-driven flow are significantly different from those in flow near a solid wall. The differences are attributed to the lack of a viscous sublayer, and to the boundary condition which allows fluctuations of the tangential velocity components at the boundary. LES of the same flow was also carried out to evaluate subgrid-scale models. It was shown that the features of the flow observed in DNS are well simulated by all models tested, and that the discrepancies between DNS and LES with the dynamic mixed model are very small. Received: August 17, 2000 / Accepted: December 22, 2000     

Workshop report - Beyond competitive tendering

Most countries contemplating the introduction of competition-based organizational forms did not perceive the British deregulated bus regime to be the way forward. A deeper analysis of facts and an international coverage of the local successes of that regime remained marginal and, as a result, the reputation of deregulated regimes remained bad or - at best - a contentious issue. The rush for competitive tendering was further stimulated by the European Commission’s endeavour to enact a Regulation that put forward competitive tendering of exclusive contracts as the preferred way to organise local public transport markets. Yet, as discussed in this workshop, deregulation in various guises may well play a growing role in local and regional transport. This is already visible in long-distance coach transport and in (international) European railway markets as from 2010. The workshop paper discusses whether such competition-based institutional alternatives to competitive tendering can provide efficiency and service improvements, how such competition-based alternatives should be ‘regulated’ and, alternatively, how a non-competitive direct award could perhaps still guarantee good performance.     

隧道交通综合监控系统应用分析

全数字网络监控系统的建立,完全取代了传统的模拟摄像机系统与紧急电话系统的组合。实现了与隧道机电系统的其他子系统共用网络管理平台,系统结构简单稳定,管理更加方便实用,节约了建设成本。高清摄像机的使用更是提高了图像监控质量与监控效果。这一系统的成功应用必定会给公路隧道的运营和管理带来巨大的经济与社会效益。     

联萘二甲酸的合成与拆分

光学纯的联萘二甲酸是不对称催化反应的重要催化剂和合成中间体,但由于制备困难,目前并未得到广泛的应用.以廉价的2-甲基萘为原料,经过2次溴代、水解成醇,继而氧化成羧酸,再经酯化、乌尔曼偶联反应、水解得到消旋的联萘二甲酸,然后用奎宁拆分,最终生成光学纯的联萘二甲酸.操作简单安全,原料廉价易得,拆分前总收率为50.8%,最终产品的光学纯度值为99%.