桥涵顶进施工事故的预防及处理

铁路立交桥涵施工重点为桥涵预制和铁路架空顶进，桥涵顶进是立交桥施工质量控制的最重要的一个环节。桥涵顶进施工采用多种方法，如：一次顶入法、对顶法、解体顶进法、开槽顶入法等，常用施工方法为一次顶入法。顶进施工常见质景通病为后背变形过大终止顶进、滑板下沉断裂、桥涵扎头开裂、线路横移影响行车等，本篇结合工程施工实例，详细阐述了桥涵顶进施工的技术要点，针对常见质量事故，提出了预防及处理的技术措施，实践证明本篇文章所提出的桥涵顶进事故的预防及处理措施切实可行，效果较为显著。     

应用Goodman弹性夹层法对双层组合梁弹性阶段变形的理论分析

将混凝土板与钢梁的接触面模拟成Goodman非线性弹性夹层,用Goodman弹性夹层法分析双层组合梁在弹性工作阶段的滑移及挠度与荷载之间的关系。通过引入边界条件计算出梁在该约束条件下的滑移规律。用有限元软件ANSYS建立2跨双层连续组合梁的空间模型对该方法的准确性进行验证。计算结果表明,当荷载较小时采用解析法和有限元法计算上层混凝土的界面滑移和挠度值非常接近,两者之差小于7%,该解析法对双层梁在弹性阶段的挠度及滑移变形分析是可行的。     

江海直达船鞭击振动分析

对江海直达船首部砰击引起的鞭击振动进行了仿真分析,采用瞬态动力学模态分析法,计算过程中考虑附连水的作用。分析参数有砰击压力峰值和连续砰击次数,对比分析仿真结果,得出不同压力峰值和连续砰击次数的影响规律。     

钢筋混凝土下承式系杆拱桥设计与施工

贵州省开阳县东山大桥为一跨90m钢筋混凝土下承式系杆拱桥,净跨88m。拱肋矢跨比为1/5,其轴线为二次抛物线,为钢筋混凝土结构,系梁断面为矩形截面。截面内共设6束21φ~j15．2mm低松驰预应力钢绞线。每片拱肋有14根吊杆,每根吊杆采用φ7-73预应力钢丝束组成,并锚于拱肋和系梁上。结构计算分析在平面力系下进行,采用“桥梁平面杆系结构计算软件”对上部结构进行计算分析。     

醇类燃料均质压燃技术及其产业化展望

阐述了醇类燃料(甲醇,乙醇)均质压燃(HCCI)技术,通过试验得出了乙醇燃料的均质压燃运行区域,以及进气温度、过量空气系数和EGR率是HCCI技术应用的主要影响因素的结论。指出乙醇燃料均质压燃技术产品的产业化前景应该是双燃烧模式,介绍了将ZS1105柴油机进行改造并进行双燃烧模式试验的情况。     

粘性和航行姿态对高速船运动预报的影响

发展了基于二维半理论的预报排水型单体船在波浪上的水动力特征及运动性能的方法。采用横向流方法对常规高速排水型单体船所受的粘性影响进行修正。在考虑粘性影响和航行姿态的条件下,对NPL系列单体船和SER IES64单体船型的运动性能作了理论预报,并与船模试验结果和势流理论预报结果作了比较。结果表明:考虑粘性影响能够在一定程度上降低高速常规排水型船舶运动预报的峰值,而航行姿态对其影响不大。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

粘贴钢板法在双曲拱桥加固处理中的应用

文章以双曲拱桥为研究对象,阐述了粘贴钢板法的加固原理、特点、适用范围、设计要求及施工工艺,并结合具体工程实例,探讨了粘贴钢板法的实际加固效果。     

CATIA modeling method of ship hull with hull line as data input北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To simplify the ship modeling process and improve modeling efficiency, this paper proposes a method for rapidly implementing hull model creation based on hull line drawing.[Methods]Using the CATIA platform, this method adopts the component application architecture (CAA) development tool for secondary development. First, by reading the geometry elements and label information of the hull lines in a drawing, the transformation of the offset points from 2D to 3D is realized. On this basis, the creation of the hull lines, stern and bow is completed, and a 3D wireframe model obtained. Finally, the hull 3D modeling is completed in conjunction with the CATIA native surface creation command. The stability and reliability verification of the developed type value extraction and bow generation program is then carried out via application analysis.[Results]The results show that the compiled program can realize the automatic creation of offset points, transverse lines, waterlines, profile lines and other boundary lines except the top line of the wall, and the centerline and tangent lines created by the bow generator are easily modified and simple for users to operate. [Conclusions]The verification results show that the method of a creating hull model using "Generative Shape Design" and "Drafting" with the hull line drawing as the data input is stable, reliable and able to realize rapid hull modeling, giving it certain practical value. © The Author(s) 2022.     

兰新铁路第二双线大温差墩身防裂养护措施研究

裂缝是桥梁最常见的病害之一,对桥梁的耐久性、承载力、防水性能等都会产生较大影响。文章针对兰新铁路第二双线的工程实际情况,提出对桥墩施加包裹橡塑板的养护措施以有效防止内外温差过大而引起的表面裂缝。通过对试验墩的数据分析,以及运用大型空间有限元软件MIDAS Civil对包裹前和包裹后的墩身进行温度和应力分析,证明采用该养护方法可达到降低墩身中心与墩身表面的温差,预防墩身表面温度裂缝的产生。