新时代高职教育专业教师发展存在问题与建议

随着我国经济的快速发展,国家对新时代职业教育提出了期望.新时代职业教育对专业教师的要求更高.专业教师具备一定专业理论知识以及对应职业技能的"双师"型教师.因高职学校教师本身师资结构老化、年轻教师职业技能短缺等特性,同时因教师个人精力和知识的限制,部分教师难以满足以上的要求.课题组研究分析了高职学校专业教师发展的制约因素...     

浅谈新双积分法规下乘用车降油耗方案研究

乘用车燃油经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,通常以在一定循环行驶试验工况下,行驶100km所消耗燃油升数(单位为L/100km)作为评价指标。影响乘用车燃油经济性的因素很多,文章以公司某在研SUV为例,通过仿真及转鼓油耗测试手段,在保证车辆驾驶体验体验前提下,研究如何降低整车燃油经济性。     

燃气轮机的大型集装箱船LNG燃料舱布置

为了满足环保新法规要求,很多船东首选LNG作为船用燃料。本文基于燃气轮机推进的大型集装箱船的布置特点及IGF规则的要求,对LNG燃料舱布置的位置和LNG燃料舱适用的形式进行了论证,获得了满足大型集装箱船性能需求和IGF规则要求的LNG燃料舱设计方案。     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

汽车燃料节约技术新发展

汽车燃料节约技术是以提高燃料利用率为根本为目的，采用此技术可以减少汽车的尾气排放污染和燃料的挥发污染。本文综合评述了近年来国内外汽车燃料节约技术的成果，分析了各项技术应用的手段，评价了其技术内容和特点，分析了今后的发展趋势，并对进一步技术改进，推广和应用提出了建议。     

燃料电池汽车动力总成结构配置及参数优化匹配

结合燃料电池大客车动力系统的实际开发过程,分3个步骤阐述燃料电池汽车动力总成结构配置和参数匹配的一般方法。第1步,通过分析燃料电池的特性论证了动力总成结构配置的优化解决方案。第2步,通过分析不同类型功率部件特性阐述了主要功率部件选型的依据,并且根据设计性能要求进行动力总成主要部件基本参数设计。第3步,进行燃料电池混合动力总成参数优化匹配的研究。仿真和实验台测试的结果证明所设计的燃料电池大客车动力总成满足要求。     

提高AMT车辆换挡品质控制策略与试验研究

提出换挡过程中通过控制发动机上的断油电磁阀来改善AMT换挡品质的新方法,制定断油电磁阀与离合器接合控制策略,并在装有AMT的某重型载货汽车上进行试验。试验结果表明,换挡过程中通过控制断油电磁阀和设置换挡重叠并与离合器的接合过程相协调,可显著提高AMT的换挡品质。     

油束空间分布锥角对柴油可控预混压燃燃烧排放影响的试验研究

在柴油可控预混压燃燃烧模式下,进行了油束空间分布锥角及多脉冲参数对排放影响的研究。试验结果表明,在采用155°和125°油束空间分布锥角的两种油嘴时,通过改变多脉冲喷射定时均可控制预混燃烧放热幅度,但对NOx、HC和CO排放的影响不同;在3次和6次多脉冲喷射条件下,采用小分布锥角(125°)油嘴能够增加有效贯穿距离,提高气缸轴线方向的空气利用率,从而在大脉冲喷射定时条件下改善CO排放,并且可减少50%以上的HC排放。     

汽油机燃油动态特性的标定

在空燃比传输延迟时间和UEGO传感器(宽域氧传感器)响应时间常数确定以后,利用燃油扰动法打破油膜平衡状态,用UEGO传感器记录汽油机混合气空燃比的变化过程,采用最小二乘法对空燃比测量值进行处理,从而得到燃油动态特性参数值。介绍了标定过程及数据处理方法,并对标定结果进行了验证。