Dynamic diurnal social taxonomy of urban environments using data from a geocoded time use activity-travel diary and point-based business establishment inventory

In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied).     

用模糊逻辑实现动力定位船舶的艏向寻优

由于各种环境因素随时间不断变化，船舶作为动力定位作业时，最优艏向也是不断变化的，所以艏向寻优是动力定位的关键技术之一，本文用模糊逻辑实现艏向寻优，其优点是，不依赖于环境要素的测量值和数学模型，寻优与控制相结合，反应快，准确程度高。     

汽车碰撞试验台动力学模型建立与分析

汽车碰撞试验已经成为我国强制性法规试验检测项目,而汽车碰撞试验台的动力特性是进行试验台能力设计、弹射过程控制、速度控制等的基础。本文分析了基于橡皮绳储能介质的汽车碰撞弹射试验台,建立充分考虑橡皮绳质量、摩擦系数、车辆质量、旋转质量因素和空气阻力等影响因子的试验台动力学模型,并经试验得到很好的验证,并提出基于过程动力特性方程的控制算法,所得结论可为同类试验台架系统设计和提高过程控制提供理论参考。     

部分斜拉桥的动力性能分析

对一座塔梁固结、梁墩分设的部分斜拉桥进行动力性能研究。根据该桥特点 ,分析上、下部结构共同作用和混凝土弹性模量变化对部分斜拉桥动力特性的影响 ,并将分析结果与该桥静动载试验的结果作对比 ,从而得出研究部分斜拉桥动力特性时应综合考虑上下部结构共同作用 ,可以忽略弹性模量变化 (动弹性模量 )影响的结论。     

Analysis process of a steering system using a concept model for idle vibration

This paper describes the development of an optimal design process for a steering column system and supporting system. A design guide is proposed at the initial concept stage of the development process to obtain sufficient stiffness of the steering system while reducing the idle vibration sensitivity of the system. Case studies on resonance isolation are summarized, where vibration modes among the systems are separated by applying a vibration mode map at the initial stage of the design process. This study also provides design guidelines for an optimal dynamic damper system using a CAE (computer aided engineering) analysis. The damper FE (finite element) model is added to the vehicle model to analyze the relation between the frequency and the sensitivity of the steering column system. This analysis methodology makes it possible to achieve target performance in the early design stage and reduction of damper tuning activity after the proto car test stage. Through the proposed steering column system development process, a lightweight vehicle with high stiffness is possible prior to the proto build stage. Furthermore, the improved process is expected to contribute to reducing the overall development period and the number of proto car tests necessary to achieve the desired steering system performance.     

高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析

根据隧道地震安全性评价报告和地勘资料,建立了三维数值计算模型并采用一致粘弹性人工边界模拟动力边界,对高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段进行了瞬态动力计算。计算结果表明:在三向地震荷载激励下,洞口段衬砌的地震响应具有明显滞后性,衬砌以水平横向振动为主、轴向振动次之、竖向振动最弱;洞口段衬砌的拱腰部位将承受极大拉应力和剪应力,可设减震层吸收地震能量。通过对衬砌相对位移的分析得出,衬砌横向和轴向变形都很小,衬砌稳定性尚好。     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

公路工程监理人员执业动态管理探讨

通过资格审查、跟踪管理、年度考评、建立档案这四个阶段的动态管理,可以保证从业监理人员素质,提高监理人员执业水平,进而提高监理工作质量.     

钢管混凝土拱桥空间地震反应谱分析

对一座钢管混凝土拱桥,进行了空间有限元模拟分析,应用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS对大桥建立了模型,解决了桥梁细部诸如支座、刚臂等细节的处理;最后对大桥的有限元模型进行了动力特性计算,得到了振型、频率的数据,可以对大桥的动力性能做出评价,有助于今后建立大桥的档案和健康诊断评估。     

车辆超载作用对路面的影响分析

利用Matlab软件编制程序,对车辆超载问题进行了仿真,分析了由于路面不平整度引起的车辆动荷载和动荷载系数变化规律,得到车辆超载率与车辆动荷载和动荷载系数之间的关系。为路面设计和车辆与路面之间的相互作用提供了理论基础。