基于GT-Power和Simulink的柴油机各缸不均匀性闭环控制

为改善各缸工作不均匀性,以TBD314V8柴油机为研究对象,基于缸压计算得到的各缸IMEP和CA50作为反馈变量,控制变量为各缸的喷油量和喷油提前角,建立了GT-Power与Simulink联合仿真模型,通过模型分析了轨压、负荷和喷油提前角对爆压、IMEP和CA50不均匀率的影响,并对影响因素进行参数灵敏度量化分析,验证了闭环控制对各缸不均匀性的改善效果。结果表明：轨压对爆压、IMEP和CA50不均匀率影响较小;负荷对IMEP不均匀率影响最大,且随着负荷的增加呈线性下降;喷油提前角对爆压不均匀率和CA50不均匀率影响最大,且CA50不均匀率随着喷油提前角的增大呈线性增加。经过闭环控制后,各缸不均匀性得到明显改善。     

桥梁结构安全监测的动力响应法与评估系统

针对桥梁管理需要,在国内外现有桥梁管理系统的研究基础上,根据目前的技术条件及经济条件,对桥梁管理的安全动态监测系统进行了研究,明确地阐述了桥梁安全性动态监测与分析系统的概念,进行了该系统的结构设计,并对其核心部分结构安全性评估子系统进行了研究：给出了选取的监测参数、评估框架流程、参数识别方法、承载能力评定、荷载模式识别方法以及结构状态评估方法。该系统的使用可以使桥梁管理者及时了解桥梁结构的工作性能状况,正确作出桥梁维修决策,及时消除结构安全隐患。     

Competition and disruption in a dynamic urban supply chain

Rapid changes and complexities in business environments have stressed the importance of interactions between partners and competitors, leading supply chains to become the most important element of contemporary business environments. There is a concomitant need for foresight in describing supply chain performance in all operating environments, including those involving punctuated disruptions. Furthermore, the urban metropolis is now widely recognized to be an environment which is especially vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and for which integrated supply chain decisions can produce very substantial net benefits. Accordingly, this paper presents a dynamic supply chain network model formulated as a differential variational inequality; the model is fashioned to allow consideration of supply chain disruption threats to producers, freight carriers, and retail enterprises. The DVI is solved using a fixed-point algorithm, and a simple numerical example, introduced to illustrate how the impacts of supply chain disruptions may be quantified, is presented.     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

A generic class of first order node models for dynamic macroscopic simulation of traffic flows

Node models for macroscopic simulation have attracted relatively little attention in the literature. Nevertheless, in dynamic network loading (DNL) models for congested road networks, node models are as important as the extensively studied link models. This paper provides an overview of macroscopic node models found in the literature, explaining both their contributions and shortcomings. A formulation defining a generic class of first order macroscopic node models is presented, satisfying a list of requirements necessary to produce node models with realistic, consistent results. Defining a specific node model instance of this class requires the specification of a supply constraint interaction rule and (optionally) node supply constraints. Following this theoretical discussion, specific macroscopic node model instances for unsignalized and signalized intersections are proposed. These models apply an oriented capacity proportional distribution of the available supply over the incoming links of a node. A computationally efficient algorithm to solve the node models exactly is included.     

高寒隧道保温设计研究及热工计算方法初探

目前国内高寒隧道研究成果还不能完全满足隧道设计要求,文章借鉴我国建设部房建行业和日本国铁的研究成果,提出了适用于季节性冻土隧道洞口保温段长度、衬砌保温及水沟保温的设计计算方法。     

连续箱梁桥的典型病害检测及分析

某连续箱梁桥上部结构存在严重的病害情况,为进一步了解技术状况,通过现场检测及静、动载试验,分析病害原因,进行技术状况评价,掌握其实际承载能力,为该桥及类似病害桥梁的维修加固处理提供依据,具有一定的理论和实用价值。     

混合语言编程在船舶水动力计算中的应用

针对VC++具有面向对象特征和开发图形界面方面的强大功能以及FORTRAN语言在数值计算方面的优势,着重介绍了VC++和FORTRAN二种语言混合编程需要的技术要点和实现方法.对混合编程规则中的调用约定、命名约定、数据的交换与传递、多维数组的传递、DLL的调用方式以及DLL的调试进行了详细的阐述,并通过两者的混合编程实现了对船舶水动力的计算.该计算精确而便捷,对船舶操纵预报、安全评估等方面的研究有很大的应用价值.     

CRCP路面裂缝间传荷能力影响评价

文章基于山东烟威高速公路连续配筋混凝土路面的基本结构参数,利用FWD实测CRCP路面不同破坏等级的裂缝间传荷系数,建立了三维有限元分析模型,分析了裂缝间不同传荷能力对CRCP路面临界应力的影响规律,并得到了CRCP路面最大应力与裂缝间传荷能力的关系式。     

基于尺寸精度的铝合金减震器塔结构设计及优化

铝合金作为一种优质轻量化材料在轻量化车身上的应用越来越广泛,为了确保铝合金零部件的使用功能和性能,设计人员在设计前期就需要对零部件的精度进行设计分析和优化。文章基于一种压铸铝合金减震器塔的零部件,首先对该铝合金零部件精度进行分析摸底并识别出影响该铝合金零部件精度的两个关键要素,再分别针对两个关键要素进行优化设计,重点一是优化加强筋结构,以增加减震器塔本体的刚度和抗变形能力,另外是增加热处理工艺中夹具支撑块结构,通过外力支撑来增加抗变形能力。结果表明:合理的加强筋布置能有效提升减震器塔本体的刚度、强度和尺寸精度;热处理时需设计专用支撑夹具,且支撑夹具要保证所有重要安装面的支撑,避免铝合金减震器塔局部出现悬臂,通过外力支撑来防止变形。