HX_D1C型机车砂箱撑管破损原因分析及改进措施

对HXD1C型机车砂箱撑管进行观察,发现其破损的原因是砂子的冲蚀磨损。分析撑管破损的机理,得出结论:撑管最先破损的位置发生在砂子冲击角度为30°的地方。提出撑管的改进措施,改进后的撑管运用状况良好。     

CARD/1系统在互通立交设计绘图上的应用与开发

通过对CARD/1系统在T型（Y型）互通式立体交叉设计绘图上的二次开发，使T型（Y型）互通式立体交叉的设计绘图达到一体化。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

An optimal data-splitting algorithm for aircraft scheduling on a single runway to maximize throughput

In this research, we present a data-splitting algorithm to optimally solve the aircraft sequencing problem (ASP) on a single runway under both segregated and mixed-mode of operation. This problem is formulated as a 0–1 mixed-integer program (MIP), taking into account several realistic constraints, including safety separation standards, wide time-windows, and constrained position shifting, with the objective of maximizing the total throughput. Varied scenarios of large scale realistic instances of this problem, which is NP-hard in general, are computationally difficult to solve with the direct use of commercial solver as well as existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming method. The design of the algorithm is based on a recently introduced data-splitting algorithm which uses the divide-and-conquer paradigm, wherein the given set of flights is divided into several disjoint subsets, each of which is optimized using 0–1 MIP while ensuring the optimality of the entire set. Computational results show that the difficult instances can be solved in real-time and the solution is efficient in comparison to the commercial solver and dynamic programming, using both sequential, as well as parallel, implementation of this pleasingly parallel algorithm.     

HXD1型机车自动驾驶系统设计与应用

主要介绍HXD1型交流传动电力机车的自动驾驶系统方案设计与应用情况,以机车改动最小、成本最低为原则,通过加装自动驾驶系统设备、通信及供电线缆实现自动驾驶功能。通过机车自动系统的成功运用,降低了人工劳动强度,杜绝了人为失误因素,提升了机车操纵水平和操纵一致性。     

基于灰色残差GM（1，1）模型的道路交通量预测的研究

道路交通体系是一个多因素、多层次、多目标的复杂系统。其中交通量信息系统具有明显的层次复杂性,结构关系的模糊性,动态变化的随机性,指标数据的不完全和不确定性。由于技术方法、人为因素、自然环境变化的影响,造成各种数据误差、短缺甚至虚假现象,系统的作用机制不明确,系统的状态、结构、边界关系难以精确描述,属于典型的灰色系统。在作量化、模型化、实体化研究时,能作为反映系统主要动态特征的数据是很少的。由于环境对系统的干扰,系统信息中原始数据序列往往呈现离乱情况,离乱数列即为灰色数列或称灰色过程,灰色理论利用那些较少的或不确切的表示系统行为特征的原始数据序列作生成变换后建立微分方程,对灰色过程建立的模型称为灰色模型（Greymodel）,简称GM模型。本文从理论上介绍了GM（1,1）模型和灰色残差GM（1,1）模型建立的一般过程,然后将其应用于交通量预测的实际例子中。预测结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

Apoptin原核表达载体的构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的构建Apoptin的原核表达载体,并制备抗原物质Apoptin融合蛋白。方法在获得Apoptin融合基因的基础上,成功构建了Apoptin的高效原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin,将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)受体菌中,以IPTG对其进行诱导表达,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析目的蛋白。结果转化有Apoptin的原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin的大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约17 000的位置出现目的蛋白条带,大小与Apoptin融合蛋白一致。结论Apoptin原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin能够表达出Apoptin融合蛋白,为进一步的Apoptin研究和制备Apoptin抗体奠定了基础。     

Effect of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism on plasma lipid levels and its relationship with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

Objective To explore the risk association of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Hart nationality in Northwest of China. Methods With case-control study, ABCA1-V771M polymorphism was detected in 204 unrelated Hart nationality people in Northwest of China, and all the subjects by coronary angiography were grouped into 106 cases and 98 controls. The genotypes and alleles frequency distribution of ABCA1-V771M polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis, and the clinical statistics of serum lipids were compared and its effects of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism on the plasma lipid levels and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were analyzed. Results The genotypic frequencies of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism matched well under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), V and M allelic frequencies were 33.3% and 66.7%. In comparison with VV VM genotype carriers, MM genotypes carriers had much lower plasma levels of HDL-C (P<0. 001) and much higher plasma levels of TG (P<0. 05). M allelic frequency in CHD group was significantly higher than V allelic frequency (P<0. 05). M allele was related with more severity of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery than V allele (P<0.05). However, there was no obvious difference in the incidence of AMI among carriers with three genotypes of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism (P>0.05). Conclusion ABCA1-V771M polymorphism was not only associated with the plasma levels of HDL-C and TG, but also related to the susceptibility and severity of coronary atheroselerotic heart disease. Moreover, M771 allele appeared to be atherogenie among Han population in Northwest of China.     

一级公路交叉口设计中的交通安全问题及对策

一级干线公路由于开口较多,不可避免地存在较多的交通安全问题.文章以湖北荆监一级公路为例,针对交叉口设计中的交通安全典型问题,提出了改善方法及相关对策.     

改进不等时距GM模型在施工控制中的应用

刚构桥施工过程中应力变化复杂,影响因素多,较难预测把握应力发展趋势,实测应力缺失时,单一使用GM(1,1)模型预测精度低,对原始应力数据要求苛刻.文章改进了不等时距GM(1,1)模型,结合罗天乐特大桥工程进行验证,结果表明,改进不等时距GM(1,1)模型在刚构桥施工应力预测中具有较好的适用性和较高的预测精度.