长江大保护战略下河口滩涂的保护对策研究

针对长江来沙持续减少引起河口滩涂侵蚀日益严峻的现象,提出长江口滩涂保护的重要性;并以九段沙、横沙东滩为研究典型,探讨分析不同定位滩涂宜采取的不同保护对策。结论如下:对于生态保护区滩涂,宜通过改变外围环境实施滩涂保护、促进滩面缓慢淤涨;对于非生态保护区滩涂,可采取积极主动的护滩措施,且可通过工程有目的地培育高-中-低滩有序分布的滩涂基底,在实现滩涂资源稳定的基础上提升滩涂生态品质,增强滩涂区域功能,积极响应长江大保护战略。     

Analysis of Coastal Wetland Changes Using the “DPSIR” Model: A Case Study in Xiamen,China

Over the past several decades, human activities have had significant impacts on coastal wetlands worldwide. Here, using a model of “Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR)” and data collected from coastal wetlands in Xiamen, China, we have analyzed temporal changes in regional coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function from 1950 through 2005. The study period was divided into four parts for comparative analysis: pre-1980s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000 to present. Our results show that anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland degradation in this region have increased substantially since 1950, and that this is correlated with a decline in coastal wetland function over the same period.     

Modeling the Car-Truck Interaction in a System-Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model

Several transportation problems, such as implementation of truck-only lanes, require understanding the interaction of heterogeneous dynamic traffic flows in order to provide accurate solutions. System-optimal dynamic traffic assignment can be modeled using a network loading procedure based on the cell transmission model, that is, the hydrodynamic wave model, and solved by linear programming. However, this framework cannot handle the asymmetric integration between the flow of trucks and cars. This article presents a novel formulation for network loading in system-optimal dynamic traffic assignment considering car–truck interactions. By using an embedded cell transmission model, this formulation incorporates a set of assumptions related to the kinematic characteristics of the flow of cars, trucks, and their interactions that can be solved using linear programming. We present numerical results supporting our modeling assumptions. Likewise, the observed emergent behavior captures the car–truck interactions accurately and indicates that minimum system-optimal travel time is obtained by encouraging cars to use highways with shorter distances.     

皮口至炮台高速公路工程地质特征

结合皮炮高速公路路线勘察地质资料，对线路区内的区域工程地质条件、工程地质分区等工程地质特征进行了概略性介绍。     

某轻型客车采暖的理论分析与试验

为适应客户不断提高的乘坐舒适性,汽车空调设计开发也在不断提高自身水平,以满足市场需要。原有的空调设计、试验、整改、再验证的手段已经逐渐不能适应产品开发周期。空调的设计开发需要依靠一定的理论计算,为系统匹配、及整改方案提供理论依据。本文通过使用建立的理论分析模型,定性的、定量的对某轻型客车采暖性能问题进行分析,并提出整改验证,试验证明本文的理论分析模型方向是正确的。     

古代中朝海上交往与船文化交流

本文以古代中朝海上交通为主线,论及华夏文明在朝鲜半岛的传播以及中国古代造船技术对朝鲜的影响.频繁的海上贸易导致黄海两侧中朝港口的繁荣.     

Estimates of vertical mixing during a Lagrangian experiment off the Galician coast

An adjoint 1-D model was used to determine vertical diffusivity coefficients from temperature profiles collected within a filament escaping from the Galician coast following an upwelling event. The optimisation scheme ended with relatively high diffusivity values within the thermocline (9×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹). Such high values are relevant for biogeochemical exchanges between surface and deep waters in stratified areas.The optimised values were several orders of magnitude higher than the bulk of diffusivity measurements recorded with a free-falling device; however, the optimisation solution was consistent with the arithmetic mean of the measurements in the thermocline (7.7×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹), giving more weight to the few largest values. Below the thermocline, the data assimilation method failed because of the three-dimensional nature of the advective field of the upwelling system. Ignoring this advective forcing in the model led to estimates that were two orders of magnitude too high.The results suggest that turbulent mixing is a random process where a few intense events determine the average mixing that drives the long-term evolution of the water column structure. This statistical property is very important when one wants to use instantaneous diffusivity measurements for modelling purposes.     

一种基于边缘颜色的彩色车牌定位算法

为解决车牌识别中车牌定位问题,根据车牌局域颜色变化、车牌宽高、车牌中字符数及车牌中字符颜色变化等特征,提出了基于边缘颜色的车牌定位算法;通过实验,证明了该算法能够有效地克服光线和天气变化的影响,具有很强的抗干扰性能、定位精度高达98.4%.     

预应力混凝土梁桥的NURBS预应力束模型研究

为建立预应力混凝土梁桥预应力束的统一描述方法,引入非均匀有理B样条(Non-Uniform Rational Basic Spline,NURBS),提出了基于NURBS的预应力束模型。通过对预应力束设计阶段和施工阶段的分析,说明了以NURBS作为预应力束几何模型的内在原因。与目前普遍采用的折线逼近法相比较,NURBS模型表达参数较少,易于进行前处理,应用在预应力等效荷载、预应力损失等计算中具有较高的精度和效率。实例分析证明,NURBS预应力束模型可以作为一种统一描述方法,不仅适合于预应力混凝土梁桥,且可以更广泛地应用于其他预应力结构的设计和计算分析之中。     

长大公路隧道火灾模式下的烟雾特性研究

公路隧道火灾初期对人员逃生造成威胁的并不是高温,而是烟雾。为了更好地控制隧道火灾的蔓延,就必须更好地对隧道火灾烟雾的特性进行研究,总结出一些普遍规律,为火灾救援提供试验基础。文章通过秦岭终南山特长公路隧道的火灾模型试验,对长大公路隧道发生火灾时的烟雾特性进行了研究。